2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The value of spicy crops in the 15th century was measured in gold bars. And now we are complaining about the high cost of modern seeds! Christopher Columbus from one expedition brought hot pepper seeds, believing that it will replace the expensive black. The Aztec vegetable showed itself from a completely different side
A bit of history
Mexico has been using hot peppers in cooking for several millennia. Thanks to Columbus, he got to the American continent. From there it spread to European countries. In the new territory, it was given different names: Italy - peperone, Spain - pimiento, Bulgaria - paprika, Peru - chili (translated as fire fruits). The last name is currently assigned to the sharp varieties by a single taxonomy.
Species diversity
Vegetable pepper, is a representative of the nightshade family, combines several types:
• shrub (varieties Samotsvet, Bully, Bride);
• berry (Fakir);
• Chinese (Habanero);
• pubescent (Monzano, Rokoto).
All 4 species are perennials in warm climates.
Interesting properties
There is a fifth type - annual pepper, which gives not only bitter, but also sweet specimens. Most European varieties belong to this group.
Until the middle of the 19th century, small-fruited burning forms were common in culture. The advancement of the vegetable to the north revealed an interesting pattern. The pungency alkaloid capsaicin accumulated in lower amounts in cold climates. This is how the sweet pepper varieties were developed.
Tillering forms
The first representatives formed a simple bush. The stem formed several branches, on which 2 new shoots, ending in a bud, grew in succession.
Long daylight hours, cooling affected the change in the type of tillering. By analogy with tomato, peppers are divided into:
1. Indeterminate.
2. Semi-determinant.
3. Determinant.
4. Superdeterminant.
Each type needs its own farming technique. What do these difficult words mean? What growing techniques are used? Let's look at specific examples.
Indeterminate varieties
Form tall bushes. Branching stops at order 4-5. Then, instead of two, one shoot develops from a single branch. Such varieties do not limit their growth, they constantly lay buds. They are distinguished by uniform, long-term yield of the harvest, early maturity. Bushes form 2-3 stems.
Features of agricultural technology:
• frequent feeding;
• removing unnecessary stepchildren before the first fork;
• pinching at the end of summer tops of the shoots;
• good lighting;
• garter to the support;
• layout scheme 30 by 40 cm, 2 rows per ridge.
It is possible to get the maximum yield when grown indoors.
Determinant
Low-growing bushes with short internodes. Growth and branching are limited by themselves.
According to the degree of growth restriction and buds, they are divided into 3 subgroups:
1. Bouquet (superdeterminant, dwarfs). 6-12 buds are laid on the top of the branches, stopping the growth of the main stem. They compact the main planting (5 bushes per 1 square meter) or planted independently according to the scheme 20 by 15 cm, 3-4 rows in the garden. Tie up, do not pinch.
2. Shrub. The main stem and side shoots are at the same level, forming a lush crown. The yield is higher than that of the first subgroup. Tying to a support is required.
3. Semi-determinant.
The first two categories are not afraid of cold weather. Grown in open ground, greenhouses, greenhouses without heating.
Semi-determinant
Medium-sized bushes limit their growth at a later date, there are many leaves. Ripening is 2 weeks delayed compared to bush forms. The fruits are large, fleshy, the yield is high.
Features of agricultural technology:
• good food;
• formation of the crown, remove the extra stepsons before the first fork, cut off the yellow leaves;
• abundant lighting;
• rare landing pattern.
Recommended to grow in winter greenhouses (January-July). In this case, the maximum yield is guaranteed.
Now, knowing which species your favorite variety belongs to, you will be able to properly organize care, choose a growing place in order to get the maximum yield of delicious peppers.
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