2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The incompatibility of water with electricity, and even more so in the presence of a person, raises great concerns. Errors in installation or faulty connectors in the bathroom can have tragic consequences. Let's talk about the rules of safe wiring, about the nuances and specifics of installation
Two main elements of protection
The correct choice of materials and the quality of wiring are fundamental points in any home, and even more so in a bathroom. There are two main points that must be observed: a residual current device, referred to in short as an RCD, and the presence of grounding. You cannot choose one thing; during installation, you must use both elements in combination.
RCD for bathroom
The RCD will protect against electrical shock if minor phase damage occurs in current-carrying conductors or contacts and insulation in electrical equipment are broken. This device instantly reacts to potential differences arising from a leakage current.
It is advisable to install not only one RCD for the entire flow to the house / apartment, but also separately for the bathroom. The principle of operation is to block the supply of electricity in case of any violation, the shutdown reaction occurs in milliseconds, even if the neutral wire closes with a metal object.
Earthing
The specificity of the wiring lies in the use of a three-core cable, which provides for the presence of zero, phase and ground. The wires differ in color, so there is never any confusion in the connections. The earth is in the shield and goes to a metal object.
Installation principles
There are no special difficulties in the work, but it is important to follow the sequence. Firstly, you need to take into account the main rule: do not equip any junction boxes and shields in the bathroom - everything is taken out of the box. Otherwise, no matter how thoroughly the connections are soldered and the contacts are carefully insulated, it is impossible to create complete tightness in the boxes. Over time, condensation and moisture will reach their target and oxidize the contacts. Accordingly, the current will be able to reach the surface, which is extremely dangerous. All wires must be pulled through the walls and only in the right place connected directly to the device.
Secondly, you need to rationally distribute the load. It is clear that the bathtub has great functionality. There are not only taps with water, but also sockets for powerful consumption: hairdryer, washing machine, electric shavers, possibly water heaters. Accordingly, the electrical circuit should be built according to the load principle. For this, a number of automatic switches are mounted and an RCD is placed in front of them without fail. All machines are connected in parallel, and the RCD is included in this circuit in series.
Each group of high consumers (more than 1.5 kW) has its own individual automatic machine. For example, a boiler for heating water, a washing machine, a socket for a hair dryer must have their own device, a separate one is displayed for lighting.
The choice of equipment for laying electrics
When buying lamps and other equipment, you should stop choosing only those where the output has a three-pin connector for installation. It is not recommended to use two-wire terminals, as there is no ground wire.
Experts recommend setting the lighting at 12 V at parameters of high humidity, it is not only economical, but also safe, so choose diode devices and lamps. For this, a step-down transformer is required in the distributor. If you prefer lamps powered by 220 V, then be sure to buy with a sealed housing that protects against condensation.
The sockets should also be grounded and preferably waterproof. Therefore, buy those where there are "curtains" in the holes for the plug or the body is equipped with a cover with a rubber seal, which limits the flow of moisture. Equipment with a cover prevents the penetration even from water droplets running down the walls. The perimeter of the outlet is coated with sealant.
If the cable stretches behind drywall, or in voids behind panels, then laying in a corrugated hose or special mounting boxes is required. This will protect against mechanical stress, and in the event of a fire, even a plastic corrugation will limit the oxygen supply and protect against fire.
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