Types Of Wells. Part 2

2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38

Photo: Olga Popova / Rusmediabank.ru

We continue our conversation about wells.

Continuation. Start here - Part 1.

A shaft well is a fairly common option. Such a well is most often installed where rocky rocks are located above the aquifer, which makes drilling very difficult. This well is dug by standard methods, the earth is removed by means of buckets. The mine is quite wide: about one meter. As for the maximum depth mark, it can be twenty-five centimeters. The likelihood of contamination of water from such a well is reduced to almost a minimum as the depth increases. A not particularly deep version can be equipped independently, because this will require the most common tools: shovels, crowbars and buckets. However, for deeper wells, special equipment is already needed. At the bottom of the mine well there should be a layer of pebbles and rubble, the height of which should be about 30-50 centimeters, which will help filter the water.

A borehole, unlike a mine well, has a longer service life, and is also considered the most environmentally friendly and safe. Such wells are usually installed where groundwater occurs especially close to surfaces. As the name implies, such wells are built by drilling a well. This requires a special drill bit, which is known as a drill spoon. This drill is rotated until it is filled with earth, after which the earth is removed and drilling continues again. It is for this reason that such a well can be made very narrow. In the well itself, metal or asbestos-cement pipes are installed, the diameter of which is at least fifteen centimeters. Above, a special protective device against debris should be installed, as well as a mechanism responsible for raising water. The depth of such wells does not exceed twenty meters.

Whichever version of the well you choose, it is important to firmly secure its walls. There are several ways to do this. The wooden blockhouse seems to be the oldest method. For a wooden blockhouse, you will need logs or thick boards, the diameter of which will not exceed fifteen centimeters. Initially, you need to dig a shallow well, and then a ready-made frame is installed on it. After that, you should dig in the soil, deepening the frame and freeing up space for the next. All this has to be done until a layer of groundwater appears. It is recommended to secure the crowns of the log house with vertical planks.

Concreting is another way to anchor walls. Inside the well, the so-called formwork is installed - a form, along the perimeter of which metal reinforcement is laid. This formwork is poured with a mortar intended for concreting. Pebbles, crushed stone and broken brick should be added to this solution. After three days, the formwork layer has already hardened, which means that it is time to start working on the next layers of formwork.

Reinforced concrete rings - these are the rings that are increasingly used in the arrangement of wells. Thanks to this method, the well can be buried at any distance. First, you should dig a hole intended for a well. The pit should be sized for one or two rings, which are installed in the pit. Such rings are fastened together with metal fittings.

As for the abundant aquifers, this should include upstream waters, pressurized water, flowing and stagnant waters.

Pressurized wells are not able to provide much water during winter and summer during drought. Passage waters are the most optimal option, because these waters are always moving, such water will always be very fresh. Wells with stagnant water are very rarely used, because the arrangement of these wells is very problematic.