2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Without pollination, there are no ovaries, without ovaries, there are no fruits. No fruit - the collapse of the work done. A story about how to create conditions for successful setting in a closed space and methods of artificial pollination
The need for pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther (stamen) to the pistil is necessary for fertilization. As a result of this process, the fetus begins to develop. The ovule (pistil) is a female organ, the stamens in the bud are male. It is known that timely unfertilized peduncles dry up and fall off like barren flowers.
In natural conditions, insects and wind are involved in this process. In a closed space, the main role is assigned to a person. For this, different methods are used: they attract insects, arrange active ventilation, and use artificial pollination. Growing tomatoes this is easy to do, since their pollen is suitable for fertilization of neighboring plants and self-pollination. It is only required to monitor the quality of the pollen, which depends on the surrounding conditions.
Humidity and thermal conditions in the greenhouse
The microclimate of the greenhouse is of great importance for pollination. In order for the fruits of tomatoes to set well, it is necessary to avoid overmoistening of the air and high temperatures. Usually at +30 pollen loses viability, some varieties successfully withstand +34. After a mark of +35, regardless of the variety of tomatoes, it becomes sterile.
Greenhouse temperature - the main factor affecting the number of ovaries. It is important to know that during the flowering period, even with a short-term excess of the + 35 … + 40 mark, flower stalks may be dumped and, accordingly, the yield may decrease. At + 13 … + 15 and below, the stamens begin to deform, which leads to a decrease in the quality of pollen.
High humidityalso has a negative effect on pollination. If the mark exceeds 70%, then the pollen is unsuitable for fertilization. It loses its ability to fly apart, becomes dense, stuck together. That is why the greenhouse must be constantly ventilated, especially after watering. It is desirable to have vents that facilitate the active outflow of moisture and through the movement of air.
If you do not live in the country, it is advisable to install automatic ventilation on the transom, which reacts to temperature rise. If this is not possible, leave the doors open at all times.
Greenhouse tomato pollination techniques
There are two pollination options that can be applied in a greenhouse.
Natural pollination
This option does not require much effort, it is enough to arrange ventilation, which allows you to attract insects and arrange air circulation. If you open doors / vents from opposite sides, a draft appears. This helps the pollen to move independently, wake up to the cherished places and fertilize the flower.
Honey plants planted in the aisles help to attract bees, bumblebees and other insects. You can bring several pots of flowers into the greenhouse. By the way, the proximity of basil and marigolds improves the taste of ripe tomatoes.
Artificial pollination
It is simple to determine the state of the peduncle for fertilization: a pollinated flower demonstrates its state with petals bent back. If this does not happen after the beginning of flowering, it is time for your actions - manual pollination.
It is known that pollen matures at night, so the pollination process should be done in the morning. In the heat, this should be done early, until the peak of the maximum temperatures has come. The "operation" is carried out constantly, while the flowering is in progress, the interval is every other day. There are several ways of artificial pollination.
1. Shaking. This is a quick contact with each bush. To form the ovaries, you only need to lightly knock on the stem, so that the plant shakes, and the pollen falls on the pistil. If the tomatoes are tied to the trellis, then it's even easier - knock on the main wire or, passing between the rows, knock on the guiding twine.
2. Fan. You need to go around your "plantation" with the device turned on, directing a stream of air to the flowers.
3. Brush - a time consuming but effective type of pollination. With a soft brush, you "run" along the insides of the flowers, transferring the cherished particles to the stigma of the pistil.
Useful Tips
To improve the fertilization activity, it is recommended to increase the humidity after manual pollination (water the beds) or moisten the tomato bushes with a spray bottle and close the greenhouse. After two hours, resume airing.
Blooming tomatoes are sprayed with boric acid (10 g in a bucket of water). Even easier - buy the drug "ovary" and follow the instructions.
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