2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Black bacterial spot of tomato especially attacks young plants. This disease is incredibly harmful in years differing in hot summers - in this situation, about 20% of the fruits and about 50% of seedlings are often affected. Typically, the aerial parts of developing tomatoes suffer from bacterial black spot. The consequence of such a defeat is either a complete lack of tomato harvest, or, if it is harvested, its very low quality
A few words about the disease
When affected by this scourge, small watery spots are formed on the young leaves of the tomato, as well as on its stems, which turn black as the disease develops. All spots are irregularly angular or rounded. And the fabrics around them are painted in yellow shades. Exactly the same symptoms immediately appear on the petioles with cotyledons. Some time later, all the spots that appear are necrotic and begin to fall out slowly. And the curled leaves dry out quickly. With severe damage to the pedicels, flowers also fall massively.
Bulging dark dots appear on the fruit. They are surrounded by later disappearing watery edges. After some time, these points grow to 6 - 8 mm and become like tiny sores, under which the tissues quickly rot, and instead of edges, zones of greenish shades are formed.
The spread of such a devastating disease occurs with plant debris, as well as with seeds. It is noteworthy that the infection on the seeds easily persists for a year and a half. Moreover, even in the presence of a latent infection, they may well give healthy seedlings, which will later turn into a source of the spread of the disease. Also, the pathogen can persist for quite a long time in parts of vegetation that are difficult to rot.
Depending on the temperature, the incubation period for bacterial black spot development is approximately 3 to 6 days. The subsequent development of this scourge also directly depends on the temperature - the lower it is, the slower the development of the pathogen will proceed.
To a large extent, the development of this ailment is favored by a temperature in the range from 25 to 30 degrees in conjunction with high humidity.
How to fight
Perhaps the most basic measure to prevent harmful bacterial black spot is to grow varieties that are resistant to it.
It is important to take seeds for planting tomatoes only from healthy and strong vegetation. But even in this case, it is recommended to pre-process them. For seed dressing, drugs TMTD or "Fentiuram" are used. Often the seeds are soaked in "Immunocytophyte" before sowing. You can also pickle them with Fitolavin-300. And for prophylactic purposes, it is useful to treat grown seedlings with a 0.2% suspension. If the seeds have not been treated with dressing, then it is recommended to treat them with the "Planriz" preparation before sowing. Seedlings are also sprayed with this bacterial preparation.
Sometimes in order to prevent infestation with black bacterial spot, tomatoes are grown in a seedless way.
When growing this crop, it is very important to follow the rules of crop rotation - the tomato returns to its previous beds no earlier than three years later. And after completing the cultivation of tomatoes, all plant residues must be embedded in the soil with special care. Also, at the end of the growing season, the infected soil is completely changed or disinfected.
Three to four weeks after the emergence of young shoots, spraying with "Kartocid" is carried out. Then, after one and a half or two weeks, a similar treatment must be repeated.
Periodically, the growing tomatoes are treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. They are sprayed with both seedlings and adult plants. It is also permissible to spray with "Tsinebom" or copper oxychloride. Such bacterial preparations as "Gamair", "Fitosporin-M" and "Baktofit" have also proven themselves quite well.
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