2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
For the safe growth of vegetables, stationary shelters are used. Without ventilation, these structures are ineffective - they require ventilation. This issue is especially relevant for visitor summer residents who visit their estates only on weekends. Automatic ventilation will help to avoid many problems. Consider the available devices and do it yourself
Device and calculation
The greenhouse / greenhouse retains heat, raises the temperature, after irrigation, a high humidity is created in such a structure. Lack of ventilation leads to overheating, high humidity, disrupts a healthy microclimate, reduces yields and provokes the development of fungal diseases. To normalize humidity and air temperature, vents are made, doors on both sides, and transoms on the roof.
With small greenhouse volumes, the ventilation area should be 10% of the coverage. Taking into account the climatic features of the central and southern regions, the zones for air inflow increase up to 20%.
Greenhouses with numerous spans need additional ventilation holes that are installed on the walls - the inflow. To evade the outflow, you need vents along the ridge - an exhaust hood. If there are 2-4 transoms in the roof, then the walls can be left out.
Automation makes life easier
For those gardeners who do not live permanently in the country, the question of ventilation is becoming the main problem when growing vegetables in a greenhouse. Auto ventilation does not require human intervention, it responds quickly to changes and helps to create the optimal temperature. It is not difficult to make the appropriate device, and the result will eliminate problems and reduce hassle. Maintenance of the greenhouse will be kept to a minimum and the harvest results will be pleasing.
For self-production, a small reconstruction of the greenhouse will be required, since for any device it is necessary to prepare transoms, which should be located in a certain way: on the roof or in the upper end places. There are three types of automatic ventilation of the greenhouse that are available for the home craftsman.
Electrical fixtures
To make such a device, you will need a thermostat and a fan. The scheme of work is simple: the required temperature is set on the relay. When the set mark is exceeded, the relay is triggered and the fan is turned on. Moreover, the motor is located so as not to pull, but to direct the flow inward.
This cooling method is the most efficient.
An important point - it is advisable to buy a thermostat of a certain model, where it is possible to set the temperature range. Only then will the device give a signal to turn on and stop the motor at the right time. And if you purchase a more advanced fan model with several operating modes, then it will be possible to adjust the air flow rate. The system has disadvantages:
• the complexity of mounting the opening mechanism, • availability of uninterrupted electricity supply, • the fan power must correspond to the volume of the greenhouse, • in the absence of electricity on hot days, the crop may die.
Hydraulic accessories
The hydraulics guarantee trouble-free long-term operation and are reliable. The principle of operation is based on the expansion of the liquid in the cylinders, which makes it possible to operate the corresponding devices connected to the transom. Craftsman summer residents usually use devices made on the basis of shock absorbers from a car.
It is useful to know that this system is not designed for operation with vents, but only for transoms. The disadvantages of the system include the slow cooling of the liquid, which, with a sharp cold snap, leads to overcooling of the greenhouse.
Bimetallic ventilation system
Everyone knows about the ability of a metal to expand when heated. This fact is based on the design of two plates with different densities and expansion coefficients. Such ventilation works like hydraulic. The disadvantage of the system is the impossibility of adjusting the temperatures and can operate small vents / transoms, the device needs protection from direct sun.
We make a can system for greenhouse ventilation
Any ready-made system with automation is not cheap, but you can do it yourself for free. A simple device using ordinary cans has proven itself well in private households and has been successfully used for several decades. Acts on the principle of hydraulics.
Take a 3 liter jar, fill it with water (800 ml) and roll it up, as in conservation. A hole is made in the lid, a tube (brass, copper) is inserted, a gap of 3 mm is maintained from the bottom. Everything is carefully sealed.
The second 800 ml can is also filled with water, closed with a plastic lid, into which a flexible hose is inserted to connect to the second container. The structure is attached to the opening sash according to the counterweight principle. The movement of water increases the weight of the can, as a result of the applied pressure, the window closes or, conversely, opens. A similar design can be made from plastic bottles.
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