2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Anthracnose is a very dangerous and very insidious plant disease provoked by imperfect fungi of the genera Kabatiella, Colletotrichum and Gloeosporium. The most susceptible to such an unpleasant ailment are grapes, cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, beans, peas, melons, watermelons, walnuts, almonds, citrus fruits and some berry bushes (gooseberries, currants, raspberries). Severely affected vegetation dies, so it is very important to identify the disease in a timely manner and take appropriate measures
General information about the disease
Plants attacked by anthracnose become covered with ulcers and dark spots. All spots are predominantly brown in color, but may still have an orangeish or pinkish tint, and the sores are sometimes surrounded by a purple border. Dark brown streaks may also appear on the tips of the leaves. In the course of the course of the disease, the spots on the leaves slowly merge, and the brown leaves, drying out, fall off ahead of time. Leaves quickly become a source of infection for other parts of plants, and the disease, as a rule, covers the aerial parts of plants entirely - it can develop not only on the leaves, but also on the fruits, shoots and stems of plants. All fruits infected with anthracnose rot very quickly, the ovaries with diseased berries dry up and mummify, and the depressed spots on the stems and branches prevent the full movement of nutrients through the infected plants.
Plants weakened by external unfavorable factors, as well as vegetation with various mechanical damage, are most susceptible to this scourge.
The disease can be transmitted both with infected seeds, plant debris, and with soil, and with garden tools (which is highly recommended to disinfect after use). Lack of potassium and phosphorus also contribute to the appearance of anthracnose. Most often, you can meet with anthracnose in areas with a temperate climate. In wet years, it develops with particular activity. The most favorable conditions for its development are temperatures above 22 degrees and air humidity close to 90%.
How to fight
To begin with, it is worth noting that today there are quite a few varieties of plants that are immune to anthracnose. If possible, it is worth paying attention to them.
At the end of the harvest, it is imperative to destroy all plant residues. Parts of plants that are very badly damaged by the disease are cut out and burned. It is recommended to dress the seeds before planting different crops.
The possibility of developing fungal diseases can be significantly reduced by periodically removing weeds, pruning trees and thinning thickened plantings - as a result of these actions, the airing of the shrubs will significantly improve, and the air humidity will decrease slightly.
If the plants are indoors, then the humidity regime should be strictly observed, and also regularly checked for the appearance of various pests. For planting plants, it is better to take calcined or thoroughly disinfected soil, and in damp weather, you should try not to place the plants in the open air. It is possible to increase the resistance of plants to ailment through the correct application of fertilizers.
Diseased plants are sprayed with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. If they are not too infected, then, after removing the diseased areas, they are sprayed with fungicides - oxyhom, cuproxat, acrobat MC, sandophan M8, copper oxychloride, etc. are suitable. Such spraying is carried out 2 - 3 times with an interval of 10 - 20 days … It is permissible to spray crops with a 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur (for 1 liter of water - 50 g), lime-sulfur broth, 0.4% polycarbacin solution, bleach (for 10 liters of water - 200 g) or nitrafen. On berry crops, you can also use Topsin-M and Propi Plus fungicides.
And, of course, it is important not to forget that timely preventive measures are the best way to combat anthracnose, because getting rid of the disease itself is very difficult and far from always possible.
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