2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Bacterial cancer is a very dangerous disease that attacks more than two hundred species of dicotyledonous plants. You can encounter him in almost any area, especially in cool regions. To start fighting an illness, you first need to learn how to distinguish it from other diseases
About the disease
The provocateurs of bacterial cancer are harmful bacteria called Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The disease is characterized by three biovariations, one of which is classified as a separate subspecies (Agrobacterium vitis). Harmful bacteria, piercing the cell walls of vegetation, instantly inject their DNA into them. The consequence of such penetration is uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors (initially soft, small and light, but very rapidly increasing in size and becoming dark, hard and rather bumpy). The vessels become clogged, the usual activity of the tissues quickly ceases, and the bark, cracked, begins to slowly die off. Some time later, the tumors are destroyed, however, quickly decaying rather large wounds remain on the vegetation, gradually occupied by various putrefactive microorganisms. It also happens that a little higher than the affected areas, plants can completely lose parts of the crowns.
The causative agents of the disease live in the earth and can be in it for a very long time. The bacteria are remarkable for their mobility - for the best movement speed, each of them has from one to four flagella. Primary infection usually occurs not only through pores with stomata and wounds on aerial sites or roots (also after pruning plants and grafting them), but also through the bites of sucking insects, through the air or with water droplets. There is an opinion that infection can also occur during pollination of flowers by bees.
How to fight
When purchasing all planting material, it should be carefully examined for the presence of external signs of infection with such a dangerous ailment.
The vegetation should be kept in optimal condition by strengthening it with mineral nutrition and watering it appropriately. You also need to try not to accidentally injure the bushes.
In order to disinfect seeds, they are heated in water at a temperature of about 53 degrees for 40 minutes. You can also etch them with TMTD, foundationol. The so-called thermotherapy is often arranged for plant cuttings - they are warmed up in hot water for about thirty hours (about 35 degrees). The practice is to install cuttings in a solution of antibiotics such as myomycin, tetracycline or streptomycin. As soon as they begin to take root, they are periodically sprayed with phytobacteriomycin or phytolavin. It is necessary to protect the cuttings from numerous sucking pests: whiteflies, thrips, ticks and others.
When transplanting seedlings, it is often impossible to avoid the appearance of wounds on the roots. In this regard, before planting, the roots must be disinfected for five minutes in a solution of boric acid (0.2%) or copper sulfate (1%). Also, on the basis of these disinfectants, a clay talker is made, into which the roots are alternately dipped. After planting for prophylactic purposes, the roots are watered 4 - 5 times with solutions of phytoplasmin or phytolavin.
In order to regulate the microflora of the soil, together with water for irrigation, a phytoverm preparation is regularly introduced. And extrasol and gamair preparations containing Bacillus Subtilis - a living bacterium that populate the root system of plants and actively release a huge amount of antibiotics into the environment for its protection - are capable of suppressing the pathogenic effect of bacteria.
It is very useful to enrich the soil with actinomycetes - the so-called antagonists of the scourge called bacterial cancer. This can be done by introducing various organic substances into the soil in large doses (humus, compost and semi-rotted manure).
Partially preventing infection with the disease will help regular spraying with sulfur preparations, as well as solutions of iodine and Bordeaux liquid.
The trimming tool, as well as the grafting tool, must be disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate (1 liter - 4 g), 10% sodium hypochlorite or 70% alcohol solution.
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