2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Actinidia kolomikta (Latin Actinidia kolomikta) - fruit crop; a representative of the genus Actinidia of the Actinidia family. It is considered one of the most common species in culture. In nature, it grows in coniferous and mixed forests, on mountain slopes, clearings, along the banks of springs, on forest edges and stony placers in China, Korea, Japan, Khabarovsk Territory, Primorye, Priamurye and Sakhalin.
Characteristics of culture
Actinidia kolomikta is a powerful woody liana with trunks reaching a diameter of 2-5 cm and covered with flaky bark. Shoots are smooth, over 15 m long, have a dark brown color with a clear sheen. Young shoots over the entire surface are covered with numerous point and longitudinal lenticels.
Leaves are ovate or elliptical, thin, sharp-serrate, pointed, petiolate, alternate, with a rounded or cordate base, pubescent along the veins. Leaves change color as they grow. Initially, the foliage is bronze, then green, after flowering - pinkish and crimson-red. In autumn, the foliage is no less attractive, it turns yellow and purple-red.
The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, white, sometimes with pinkish shades on the outside, have a pleasant aroma, sit on thin pedicels, have a double perianth and five sepals. Fruits are elliptical, oblong or rounded, dark green. The pulp of the fruit is fragrant, sweet. Seeds are small, numerous, yellowish or dark brown, have a fine mesh surface.
Actinidia kolomikta blooms in the second half of June, flowering lasts about three weeks. The first flowering occurs in the fifth year after planting. The fruits ripen in late August - early September. The culture enters fruiting in the ninth year. The average life height of vines is 70-80 years.
Common varieties
Currently, there are thirty-one varieties in the State Register of varieties that are recommended for cultivation in the Russian Federation. Among them, the most popular are the following varieties:
* Apricot - the variety is represented by cylindrical yellow-orange fruits of medium size. The pulp tastes like sweet peppers, without bitterness.
* Gourmet - the variety is characterized by olive-green cylindrical fruits, compressed from the sides. The skin of the fruit is thin, the pulp is sweet and sour, aromatic. It is a medium-ripening variety.
* Waffle is a medium-yielding variety. It is represented by dark olive or olive-green elongated-oval fruits weighing up to 3.2 g. The pulp is sweet, tender, aromatic. The skin is thin.
* Fruit jelly - the variety is characterized by oval olive-green fruits compressed from the sides. The pulp is sweet, aromatic, the skin is tender. It is a medium-ripening variety.
* Magpie is a winter-hardy and high-yielding variety. Produces olive green cylindrical fruits, slightly compressed from the sides. The skin is smooth, uniform in color. The taste is sweet, the aroma is pleasant.
* Stranger - the variety is represented by small cylindrical dark olive or olive-green fruits weighing up to 2 g. Fruit skin is smooth, thin. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is rich.
* Folk - winter-hardy and disease and pest resistant variety. It is characterized by cylindrical compressed fruits of yellowish-green color. Average weight - 3 g. Fruit taste is sweet and sour, aroma of strawberry.
* Festive - mid-season variety. Differs in elongated cylindrical fruits of olive green color. Average weight - 2, 5 g. Fruit taste is sweet, aroma is rich.
* The queen of the garden is an early maturing variety. It boasts resistance to pests and diseases and high winter-hardy properties. Fruits are olive green, cylindrical, elongated, slightly laterally compressed. Taste sweet and sour, pineapple aroma.
* Sweet is a mid-season variety. It is characterized by elongated cylindrical fruits of yellowish-green color. The aroma is rich, the taste is sweet. Average weight - 1.5 g.
* Large-fruited - a high-yielding variety. It is represented by large elongated-cylindrical green fruits. Sweet and sour taste, kiwi aroma. Differs in rapid growth.
* September - late ripening variety. Allows to obtain large, elongated-oval fruits of dark green color with longitudinal stripes. The skin is smooth and tender. The pulp is sweet, the aroma is nutmeg.
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Actinidia
Actinidia (Latin Actinidia) - a genus of woody lianas of the Actinidia family. One of the famous cultivated species of this genus is the gourmet actinidia, or kiwi. Currently, there are about 40 species. Natural habitat - Himalayas, Southeast and Central Asia.
Actinidia Argut
Actinidia arguta (Latin Actinidia arguta) - large perennial vine; a representative of the genus Actinidia of the Actinidia family. The second name is acute actinidia. In nature, it grows in coniferous and replaced forests in China, Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East.
Actinidia Giralda
Actinidia Giralda (Latin Actinidia giraldii) - berry culture; a representative of the genus Actinidia of the Actinidia family. Outwardly, the appearance is similar to the Argut actinidia, it differs only in the thickness of the leaves and the presence of pubescence.
Actinidia Chinese
Actinidia Chinese (Latin Actinidia chinensis) - a representative of the genus Actinidia of the Actinidia family. The homeland of the plant is China. The fruits of Chinese actinidia are called kiwi. This fruit is popular in many countries of the world because of its excellent taste and beneficial properties.
Actinidia Polygamous
Actinidia polygamous (Latin Actinidia polygama) - shrub vine; a representative of the genus Actinidia of the Actinidia family. Other names are actinidia polygamous, actinidia nasal or actinidia acutely fruited. Under natural conditions, it is found in Korea, China, Japan, the southern regions of Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin and the Far East.
