2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Rust can affect almost any plant - wild grasses, forest trees and shrubs, industrial crops, cereals and ornamental plants. The emergence of this misfortune is the "merit" of rust fungi. Rust spreads with lightning speed - several billion spores can easily ripen on one plant. Numerous spores, settling on the leaves, can also cause a huge number of local foci of infection. Diseased plants are characterized by disturbed water balance and metabolism, a decrease in growth, a decrease in the energy of photosynthesis. The quality of seeds and fruits is noticeably deteriorating, therefore, appropriate measures must be taken in a timely manner against rust
About rust
Among the main symptoms of rust damage, one can single out such as the appearance on plants of convex formations, stripes and spots of a characteristic rusty-brown color. Rust fungi provoke the development of this disease. They usually hibernate in fallen leaves, and in the spring they begin to form spores, which are carried around by the wind or insects, thereby contributing to the massive infection of healthy plants. In high humidity, especially after rain, infection occurs most actively.
The entire development cycle of some rust fungi occurs on plants of the same species - such fungi are usually called single-owner. However, there are fungi of various households (most of them), that is, the development of pathogens occurs on two types of host plants.
How to fight
To avoid rust, when watering plants, you should try not to get on the leaves. Rust-affected branches are removed and then burned. Fallen leaves and needles are also burned in autumn. Plant residues are destroyed or embedded in the soil as deeply as possible, and deep plowing of the soil helps to destroy hibernating telitospores and urediospores.
Cuttings and cuttings for planting are best harvested only from healthy and proven mother bushes. It is possible to increase the resistance of plants with the help of various agrotechnical measures.
In early spring, before the buds begin to bloom, for preventive purposes, the trunks and branches of trees and plants prone to rust are treated with a 2% solution of Bordeaux liquid (one sachet is taken for 10 liters of water). Such spraying of deciduous plants is continued first until their flowering, and then 12 - 14 days after flowering. Repeated spraying with sulfur throughout the growing season is also considered to give a good result. For prevention, the vegetation is also sprayed with a solution of colloidal sulfur every two weeks. You can use for these purposes and maneb (0.2%), perocin (0.2%) or orthocid-50 (0.2%) - they are used for prophylactic purposes with a break of 5-6 days.
When the first signs of rust are found, the plants should be immediately treated with fungicides (such preparations as Abiga-Peak, Oksikhom, Khom, Topaz and others are suitable). Ideally, they are processed in several passes. And in order not to burn the leaves, it is important to strictly follow the instructions and not exceed the recommended concentration in it.
If suddenly the treatment fell on wet or rainy weather, it is recommended to add "green soap" to the ready-made spray solution (this is the name of a universal liquid agent to protect against all kinds of pests and diseases of various plants) - even in a heavy downpour, it will definitely help the insecticide or fungicide to gain a foothold on sheet plates.
In woody plants, damaged areas of trunks and branches are first cleaned to healthy tissue, and then treated with a strong solution of potassium permanganate or copper-containing preparations. In no case should the wounds of coniferous trees be covered with pitch, since it will not let air through, and this, in turn, will lead to the fact that the wood will begin to wet and rot.
Foliar dressing with various microelements, as well as the introduction of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, help to cope with rust, since vegetables and greens with a lack of potassium suffer most often. But nitrogen fertilization in the presence of rust on the plants is recommended to be reduced.
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