Vineyard

2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38

Vineyard (Latin Ampelopsis) Is a genus of woody lianas of the Grape family. The genus includes 20 species. Natural range - North America, East and Central Asia.

Characteristics of culture

Vineyard is a deciduous liana that forms tendrils during the growth process, due to which the plant is able to climb supports. Leaves are simple, pinnate or finger-like, three- or five-lobed, long-petiolate. Flowers are small, greenish, dioecious, less often bisexual, collected in corymbose inflorescences. The fruit is a medium-sized inedible berry. Representatives of the genus do not lend themselves to crossing with grapes.

Common types

* Aconitol vineyard (Latin Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bge) - the species is represented by small woody lianas up to 3 m long. Leaves are green, long-petiolate, bare on the outside, pubescent on the inside with reddish veins. Young leaves are bright purple or reddish olive in color. Flowers are collected in loose inflorescences. Vineyard aconitolis blooms 60-70 days. Unripe fruits are yellowish or orange, ripe fruits are bluish. The species is characterized by rapid growth, begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years after planting. The grape usually blooms at the end of August, the fruits ripen in October.

* Short-flowered vineyard (Latin Ampelopsis brevipedunculata) - the species is represented by woody lianas up to 5-7 m long with light gray or slightly brownish stems and yellowish-red shoots. The leaves are large, dense, dark green, covered with hard hairs, slightly wrinkled. Flowers are dioecious, collected in corymbose paniculate inflorescences. Short-stemmed grape blooms for about 60 days. It does not differ in increased frost resistance.

* Vineyard variegated (Latin Ampelopsis heterophylla) - the species is represented by powerful woody lianas up to 9 m long with beautiful decorative leaves with rounded notches between the lobes, differing in shape, and light blue berries. Differs in rapid growth. Flowering occurs in late August - early September. The fruits do not always have time to ripen. The species is not resistant.

Growing conditions

The location for the vine is preferably semi-shaded, direct sunlight negatively affects the quality of the leaves, they become smaller and become faded. The culture tolerates well-drained, fertile, loose, moderately moist soils with a neutral pH reaction. Does not tolerate heavy clay, strongly acidic, waterlogged and saline soils.

Reproduction

The vineyard is propagated by seeds and cuttings. The seed method is used extremely rarely. Sowing is carried out in containers filled with a loose substrate. The planting depth is 1 cm. Before sowing, the seeds are stratified for two months. Vineyards grown by sowing seeds bloom only for 5-7 years.

Reproduction by cuttings is carried out in early spring. Cuttings are cut from the tops of the shoots. Each cutting should have at least one internode. Cuttings are rooted in containers with a light moist substrate. The optimum rooting temperature is 20-22C. Rooted cuttings are immediately planted in open ground or in a container.

Care

Watering is abundant, but waterlogging and stagnation of water should not be allowed. To retain moisture for a longer period, the near-stem zone is mulched with peat or other organic material. Top dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers is required. Three dressings per season will be enough. For these purposes, complex granular or liquid fertilizers, as well as rotted compost or humus, are suitable.

Sanitary pruning is carried out in early spring, with the onset of autumn, the shoots are shortened to a small length. The vineyard needs good shelter for the winter. In regions with a cold climate, plants are grown as a container culture, and for the winter they are brought into a room with an air temperature of 5-10C. Container specimens are periodically watered in winter.