2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Pitious corn root rot is found wherever corn is grown. At the same time, it affects not only corn, but also most other grain crops. Most often, this scourge can be encountered on heavy soils and in areas with high humidity. Throughout the growing season, the energy of development and growth of crops attacked by this scourge is noticeably reduced, and tiny seedlings often die from damage to the root system. Pitious root rot of corn is manifested mainly in the browning of the roots and their subsequent decay. At the same time, the aboveground parts of the plants are easily pulled out, and the infected roots continue to remain in the soil
A few words about the disease
A characteristic sign of the defeat of the roots of growing crops by pitya root rot is the formation of numerous constrictions of black and brown colors on their surface. At the same time, root hairs are absent, and the roots, starting from the very tips, turn brown and die off. The root system of seedlings is much less developed than the root system of healthy plants.
In rather humid conditions, on the stems near the soil surface, an abundant and tender mycelium forms, which can be either colorless or white.
Sometimes the internodes above the cotyledons can also be affected by the ill-fated ailment, but this happens extremely rarely. It also happens that the defeat is completely asymptomatic, expressed only in a change in the color of the leaves and in the lagging of cultures in growth.
In the case of a particularly powerful lesion, tiny seedlings do not come out on the soil surface, and if they do appear, they will be severely curved.
Fungi of the genus Pythium spp. Are considered to be the causative agent of this harmful misfortune. In addition to corn, they attack cucumbers with lentils, beets and peas. Periodically, they can affect wheat with sunflower, as well as barley and some other crops. Most often, these fungi infect plants in combination with other pathogens of various root rot.
The fungus-pathogen overwinters in the form of pathogenic oospores at a depth of ten to fifteen centimeters in the soil and on plant debris.
The best conditions for the spread of infection are humid and cool weather with an air temperature of no more than eighteen degrees. These factors will be especially harmful at the stages of seed germination and seedling formation. Acid soils, late sowing, the presence of free moisture in the soil and ignoring the recommendations on the full turnover of soil layers when processing plots also contribute to the development of a destructive scourge. Unbound soil moisture also creates excellent conditions for the promotion of fungal spores. Often, yield losses as a result of the defeat of pituitary root rot reach 5 - 9%.
How to fight
The best protective measures against pityrous root rot in maize will be to adhere to the sowing time and use intact seeds, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the vulnerability of tiny seedlings. It is very important to try to avoid a phosphorus deficiency. Also, do not exceed the dose of applied nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Before planting, it is useful to treat the seeds with a fungicide called "Maxim" or the drug "Vincit Forte". In general, any mefenoxam-based preparations are suitable for seed dressing. The fact is that mefenoxam is the only systemic active ingredient that has a pronounced fungicidal effect against fungi of the Phytium genus. Products such as Dividend Extreme 115 or Sertikor 050 have proven themselves best in the fight against pitting corn root rot. These preparations are also good in that, as a result of their use, the flowability of seeds increases and the formation of dust on them decreases due to the special composition of adhesives.
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