2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The xiphoid stem of Gladiolus with funnel-shaped sessile flowers is in culture an infant in comparison with such garden "patriarchs" as, for example, the rose. But his high growth, strength of the stem, long beautiful flowering helped him not only to catch up, but also to surpass in popularity many garden old-timers
Rod Gladiolus
More than two and a half hundred perennial corm plant species are united by the genus Gladiolus or the Skater.
A rounded corm is formed annually, the diameter of which can be from 2 to 7 cm. The lower leaves of the plant, having thinned, turned into dry scales that cover the outside of the bulb. In the axils of the lower leaves at the base of the bulb, buds are located, from which children are formed that continue the century of gladioli.
The height of an erect, strong stem, depending on the variety, varies from 30 to 200 cm. The stem ends with a simple, or (less often) a branched peduncle. Green or bluish-green leaves can be xiphoid or linear.
A loose spike-inflorescence consists of funnel-shaped sessile flowers, the number of which in one inflorescence can be from 11 to 22 pieces. The short life of an individual flower is compensated by their gradual opening from the bottom up along the peduncle. Therefore, on one stem, there are flowers at the same time, withering, blooming, blossoming and buds.
In flower beds, as a rule, hybrid gladiolus is grown. Since the 17th century, gladioli have been cultivated in culture, the inflorescences of which reach 1 meter in length, and the size of the flowers reaches 26 cm.
Legends of gladioli
Unlike many plants, which, in addition to beautiful flowering, have a pleasant aroma, healing abilities, can be eaten or used for technical needs, gladiolus cannot boast of any of the listed indicators. That is why people have been indifferent to plants of this genus for so long.
During the warlike Middle Ages, people decided that the name "Gladiole", meaning "leaves like a sword", should serve as a talisman to protect people from battle wounds. Therefore, amulets for warriors began to be made from gladiolus bulbs.
In those years, the root tubers of the mandrake plant, the shape of which resembled a human figure, were a more effective talisman. But mandrake did not grow in Europe, so its magical power was delegated to gladiolus bulbs.
Official medicine showed no interest in gladioli. But healers, sorcerers and sorcerers of all stripes used the bulbs of the plant for their mystical rituals.
Varietal signs of gladiolus
There are two groups of varietal characteristics of gladiolus: decorative and household.
Decorative signs
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Flower size. Depending on the diameter of the flower, gladioli are: giant, large-flowered, medium-flowered, small-flowered and miniature.
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Flower color. The main tone of the flower and small color nuances are taken into account. Modern varieties are divided by flower color into: red, salmon, orange, yellow, white. And also on: smoky, chestnut, purple and bluish-lilac, purple and pink-lilac, raspberry pink, salmon pink.
•
Flower shape. It is determined by the orientation of the perianth elements in space and the type of their symmetry. The edge of the perianth lobes can be: smooth, fringed, folded or corrugated.
•
Inflorescence shape and length. The arrangement of flowers in the inflorescence is single-row or double-row.
•
Number of buds, their coloration, the number of blossoming flowers in the inflorescence. Plants with 20 flowers in one inflorescence are valued, of which there are 5 pieces of painted buds and 8 pieces of constantly open flowers.
Economic signs
• Plant height.
• Flowering time.
• Resistance to diseases and adverse conditions.
• Reproduction factor.
• Transportability of the plant, depending on the attachment of the flower to the stem.
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