2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Have you ever paid attention to the shape of the leaves of plants? In the wild, each specimen survives due to the ability to extract and accumulate moisture or get rid of excess moisture. How are cultures adapting to regulate this process?
In areas with a tropical climate, heavy rains often fall, sometimes washing away everything in its path. Under these conditions, the task of plants is to reduce the destructive effect of water on their body. In such crops, the leaf structure has a special structure.
There are several types of fixtures:
1. Rigid frame.
2. Small, durable, shiny surface.
3. Numerous holes.
4. The ability to fold into a narrow strip.
5. Perpendicular lateral veins.
6. Drip structure.
Let's consider each option in more detail.
Rigid frame
Alocasia leaves are a great example. One gets the impression that the complex structure was created according to the drawings of a real architect. A strong, thickened central vein is a longitudinal support. Stiffening ribs that protect the lateral planes extend to her sides. A wide strip with a thickening is located along the edge. In the middle of the structure, sheet fabric is stretched. This principle is currently used in the construction of modern tourist tents.
Durable surface
Plants in the tropics have small leaves. Their surface is shiny and hard. Moisture easily rolls off such a base without delay and damage. Magnolia is a prime example. Standing in windy weather near her bushes, one gets the impression of the rumble of cans among themselves.
Numerous holes
Monsters and philodendrons fight excess moisture by using differently shaped holes between the leaf veins. Water easily seeps through a kind of "colander" without destroying its surface.
Squeezing
Mimosa bashful and oxalis have villi with receptors at the base of the leaf. They instantly react to changing weather. The leaves are folded into a narrow strip, pressing tightly against the petiole. Streams of rain pass without touching the sheet plates.
Perpendicular structure
The huge leaves of banana trees are very intelligently arranged by nature. The lateral veins extend from the main vein at an angle of 90 degrees. Absolutely not connecting with each other. The fabric between them is luscious and elastic. Large drops, strong hurricane wind easily tear the interveinous spaces, turning the leaf into a set of narrow ribbons. In this case, the main conducting "arteries" remain intact. The plant continues to exist safely, without prejudice to its life.
Drip structure
Large leaves of individual specimens are heavily indented. The ends of such strips have a sharp droplet structure. Thanks to this device, the water drains quickly, leaving the plant dry. This method is applicable to all types of palms. The trunks of these trees are covered with hard fibers containing silica. They practically do not get wet during rain.
Crops growing in water bodies or their coastal parts have a special structure. The surface of the leaves of the capsule, pondweed, and water lilies is thin, consisting of 2-3 cell layers. In some species (Granada apalant, terrestrial bog) it is strongly dissected. The stems are characterized by the absence of mechanical tissues and are penetrated by conducting vessels. Due to this, they have great flexibility. Large stomata intensively shed excess moisture.
Plants of wetlands acquire tender, large leaves with a large number of cell layers. Channels located on both sides lead to strong evaporation. The roots are superficial.
Many representatives of the tropical flora now grow on our windowsills. To grow them successfully, you need to know the characteristics of each flower, the conditions for their maintenance.
We will consider how plants extract moisture in arid growing conditions in the next article.
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