2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Powdery mildew, or powdery mildew, is considered one of the most dangerous diseases of grapes. It is possible to detect signs of this ailment with the naked eye - infected plants give out a white powdery mushroom bloom, after some time acquiring a light grayish tint. Powdery mildew was first introduced from North America to England, where it was discovered in a greenhouse by a local gardener Tucker in 1845. And already in 1850, this attack began to spread to other European countries
A few words about the disease
Powdery white bloom forms on grape leaves affected by powdery mildew. As a dangerous ailment develops, the leaves curl and gradually dry out. Severely affected leaves are often necrotic and turn yellow.
The first symptoms of the ill-fated powdery mildew can be observed as early as May, when the thermometer rises to twenty-five degrees. And if the air humidity is 70% or more, then the disease can quickly spread throughout the vineyard.
Young shoots are characterized by stunted growth. They turn brown and subsequently die off, never having time to ripen by winter. Infected flowers, densely covered with a mealy bloom, turn brownish and crumble. And infected berries stop growing, dry up, crack and quickly fall off.
Powdery mildew spreads in summer by wind-blown conidia.
How to fight
Shoots and berries affected by powdery mildew should be promptly eliminated from the plots. In autumn and spring, the soil is dug under the grape bushes, and in the spring it is also mulched. Good care of vineyards, along with high agricultural technology, can significantly increase the resistance of plantings to mildew infections. Help to increase the resistance of grape bushes to ailment and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied in increased doses. But an excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizers, on the contrary, reduces their resistance to this scourge.
Planting grape varieties that are better resistant to powdery mildew. As a rule, varieties of American selection are considered the most resistant.
The so-called bacterial method has proven itself well in the fight against powdery mildew. Its essence lies in the fact that, first, well-rotted manure filled with three parts of water is infused for three days. Then the resulting infusion is diluted with water in a 1: 2 ratio. The strained composition is sprayed with grape plantings. This method is based on the ability of bacteria in the manure to destroy powdery mildew. If the need arises, such processing can be repeated after the berries are harvested.
Spraying with fungicides is also used against powdery mildew of grapes. Before the buds bloom, spray not only the grape bushes, but also the soil under them. The air temperature for carrying out such treatments should exceed four degrees, but at the same time it should not rise above twenty degrees.
If necessary, the use of Bordeaux liquid is also allowed, and if the vineyards are too heavily affected by powdery mildew, you can also use potassium permanganate (it is taken in 20-30 g for every ten liters of water) with further pollination of grape plantings with colloidal sulfur (1%).
In order to protect against powdery mildew at the beginning of the growing season, preventive treatments are carried out with the contact fungicide "Tiovit Jet", and especially susceptible varieties are treated with the fungicide "Topaz" before flowering. As soon as the grapes have faded, two to four treatments with "Topaz" are carried out, and when the berries in the bunches close together, the vineyards are sprayed with the "Quadris" preparation. Well, in order to reduce the wintering stocks of the pathogen of powdery mildew, after harvesting the berries, one more treatment is carried out with the fungicide "Tiovit Jet".
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