2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Downy mildew, or downy mildew, especially affects beet testes and young plants (usually the first year). In the cultures affected by it, respiration increases, photosynthesis decreases, and the accumulation of various organic acids and the consumption of sugars also increase. And the harmfulness of such an unpleasant ailment depends on the degree of its development and on the time of its manifestation, significantly increasing when wet weather is established. Losses of young plants attacked by peronospora often reach 40%
A few words about the disease
The manifestation of downy mildew is observed mainly on young organs of growing beets - on the tops of flowering shoots and on young leaves. In this case, all central leaf rosettes are very often affected. The leaves become brittle and brittle, curl upside down, and some time later are covered with a gray-violet bloom on the lower sides of the conidial sporulation. However, such plaque can also form on other parts of the plants. Gradually, the leaves turn black and die off.
Flowering shoots on beet testes attacked by peronosporosis often do not develop at all, and if they do develop, then rather poorly, giving a very low seed yield. The shoots located on the testes with bracts and flowers, and sometimes the seed glomeruli, become fragile, turn very pale and noticeably thicken, after which they twist and are also covered with bloom.
Infected root crops during storage are characterized by reduced resistance to rot - they often rot in winter. Most often they are struck by clump rot.
Beet seedlings and plantings affected by peronosporosis die, the productivity of growing crops is noticeably reduced, and the roots in winter, as mentioned above, begin to rot.
The causative agent of the ill-fated misfortune is a mushroom from the class of fucomycetes Peronospora schachtii. During the growing season, plants are re-infested with conidia, which are spread by the wind and germinate only in the presence of droplet liquid. And the main source of primary infection is considered to be oospores in seeds and plant residues, as well as mycelium penetrating into uterine roots.
Downy mildew develops especially strongly in damp and rather cool weather, when the average daily temperature is about sixteen degrees, and the air humidity rises above seventy percent. The most favorable meteorological conditions for the development of this scourge are created approximately in May-June. And growing cultures during this period are distinguished by the greatest susceptibility to ailment.
How to fight
The most effective preventive measures against the ill-fated misfortune are considered to be the cleaning of plant residues with their immediate destruction and the observance of crop rotation. Earlier than three or four years later, the beets are not returned to their former plots.
For planting, it is best to select early ripening beet varieties that are resistant to an unpleasant ailment. Among them are such as Mezotnenskaya 104, Uladovskaya 752 improved, as well as Mezotnenskaya 080 and Mezotnenskaya 070.
Before sowing, seeds are recommended to be treated with Apron. You can also pickle them with Mercuran or Grozan.
Beet crops should be systematically examined for the presence of downy mildew - it is very important to identify a harmful ailment at the earliest stage.
During the growing season, beets are sprayed with fungicides (Dual Gold, Fuzilad Forte, etc.). Often it is also treated with a suspension of copper oxychloride or one percent Bordeaux liquid. The "Tsineba" suspension also has a good effect. The first treatment is usually carried out as soon as the symptoms of peronosporosis are detected, and the second (if necessary) - after twenty days.
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