2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-10 08:43
Topiary and topiary - what's the difference? In terms of their sound, these two words are almost the same, but they are distinguished by their content. Topiary (less commonly, topiary) is a shrub sculpture (made from living plants). Topiary - artificially created "European tree" or "tree of happiness", "hand-made" - "made by hand"
The history of the emergence of topiary art
Topiary art is not only the art of landscape gardening (trees and shrubs trimmed in the form of geometric or sculptural figures), but also artificially created "trees of happiness" to decorate the interior of the premises.
Even in Ancient Persia, slave gardeners changed the natural forms of plants and trees. Later this art spread to Egypt and then to Rome with a stream of slaves from Persia and Egypt. And already in Rome, this landscape gardening art acquired the name
"Topiary" - by the name of the processed area
"Topos" - place, and the gardener's slave began to be called “
topiarus ».
With the decline of the Roman Empire, topiary art practically ceased to exist, and its rebirth was already in Europe, which flourished in the 17th century. At this time, the famous palace and park ensemble was created in Versailles (France)
Topiary art appeared in Russia during the reign of Peter I.
Until recently, topiary art meant only curly shearing of shrubs and trees. Now art has found new directions, this is a sculptural (living) topiary and an artificial (hand-made) topiary.
So that plants in a sculpture or composition do not interfere with each other, but develop harmoniously, it is necessary to select them taking into account their combination with each other, adaptation to the climate, the landscape of the area, and the way of care. The selected plants should complement each other in terms of color, height, and flowering time.
Plants for living sculptures are selected in such a way that clipping does not harm their natural growth. Fullness and density in living sculptures is achieved by grafting onto the main plant and by additional planting carpet plants in frame forms.
Plants at least 2-3 years old are the starting material for the manufacture of topiary. At this age, the plants already tolerate haircuts well.
Topiary art forms
The most popular form of topiary is hedges, arches, and labyrinths. They play a role not only decorative, but also functional: they protect from dust, wind, sun, divide the space, and act as a natural fence.
Another type of topiary is no less popular - the creation of trees, shrubs with clear crown shapes: it can be spherical or cubic, trapezoidal or conical.
The topiary figures of people, animals, objects are especially distinguished in their complexity of execution. These sculptures are made on a frame and consist of several types of plants. Such art requires not only the gardener's imagination, but also professionalism. These topiary is a real miracle of art. Stunning human-made sculptures of plants attract attention with a variety of forms.
Vaccination techniques combined with cutting plants give us the opportunity to admire the masterpieces of living sculptures.
In topiary art, a special place is occupied by garden bonsai, as well as the cultivation of bonsai trees in small pallets, pots. The tradition of this art came to us from Japan and China.
Oriental motives are now very popular in Europe. Specially trimmed trees give the European parks the flavor of the East.
Garden bonsai are usually used as accent compositions in the general landscape.
Dwarf bonsai is a decoration of the premises.
At the end of the 20th century, it became fashionable to decorate gardens, parks, houses with flowers, build flower sculptures, trim potted plants, and make artificial trees.
Small topiary has become the subject of interior design.
One of these topiary is the "European trees" or "trees of happiness." These trees are handmade, they are made from anything and the name of such a tree was given
topiary
The topiary does not imitate trees from nature, on the contrary, the hands of the needlewoman create fantasy trees with crowns of a wide variety of shapes.
The trees look great in the interior, serve as a decoration for the house.
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