2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Rhizoctonia disease affects not only cucumbers - from time to time, manifestations of this scourge are also found on beets, potatoes and a number of other crops. The causative agent of this disease affects almost all organs of the cucumber, with the exception of flowers. It is especially dangerous in spring film greenhouses. A lot of plants die from rhizoctonia and at the seedling stage, therefore, when growing it, you should especially carefully monitor its development
A few words about the disease
On cucumber seedlings, attacked by a harmful scourge, the development of fungal mycelium is observed on the forming cotyledon leaves and near the root necks. With the defeat of the latter, the infected tissues first turn yellow, and a little later they dry out and subsequently die off. And on the cotyledons attacked by the disease, the formation of tiny rounded or oval specks, painted in yellowish-orange tones, begins.
At the fruiting stage, the fungus, in addition to the bases of the stalks, is capable of infecting those fruits and leaves with petioles that touch the ground. At the same time, vague and rather large brownish specks appear on the leaves, and after some time, the affected leaves, darkening, dry out. And on the petioles, the main symptoms of the ill-fated misfortune appear in the form of light brown, noticeably deepened and slightly oblong ulcers up to 2.5 cm long. Symptoms of lower stalk lesions are very similar to those of blackleg.
On the tops of the fruits, you can also see specks - as a rule, they are zonal and oval or round. In addition, they are light brownish dry or dark brown merging, slightly depressed and framed with brown edges. And on the sides of the cucumbers facing the ground, there is a very active development of rot.
With prolonged storage of infected fruits, the formation of fungal sporulation occurs, which looks like grayish-black spread tiny tufts with a velvety texture.
The causative agent of this harmful disease is a pathogenic fungus called Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Its development on plants occurs in the form of mycelium, without the formation of basidial sporulation and pseudosclerotia.
The main source of infection is considered to be the soil - in it, with a moisture content of 30 - 40%, the fungus can persist for five to six years.
How to fight
The fight against cucumber rhizoctonia is mainly in the implementation of a set of measures designed to protect plants and destroy the pathogen in the soil. When growing cucumbers in greenhouse conditions, it is necessary to observe the recommended soil moisture, as well as the optimal temperature regime - this will significantly increase the resistance of cucumbers to damage by an unpleasant misfortune. And in order to reduce the incidence of cucumbers in the field, it is recommended to use a mulch film, a reliable drip irrigation system, and also not to overestimate the seeding rate and actively fight weeds. Also, at the end of the growing season, all plant residues should be destroyed.
Compliance with the rules of crop rotation is no less important measure. The best predecessors are pairs, as well as pulses and grains.
To combat this harmful ailment, both mushroom preparations ("Trichodermin") and bacterial preparations (for example, "Planriz" and "Baktofit", as well as "Pseudobacterin-2") are equally well suited. The latter will be especially useful when soaking seeds before sowing them, as they instantly form a kind of "protective covers" around the roots. And it is recommended to spray plants with "Baktofit" even if fruits with leaves touching the ground were affected by the causative agent of rhizoctonia.
The soil enriched with all kinds of beneficial microorganisms is also characterized by excellent fungistatic properties.
As for chemicals, an excellent effect can be achieved by spraying growing crops with Strobi or Quadris preparations. In addition, when the first symptoms of the disease appear, the cucumbers are sprayed with a working solution (0.2-0.3%) of preparations containing copper oxychloride, mefenoxam or mancoceb (Ridomil Gold MC, as well as Metamil MC and Ditan M-45 ).
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