2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Wheat thrips damages mainly winter and spring wheat, but on occasion it will not refuse to eat rye. Its habitat is the West Siberian, Ural, Volga, North Caucasian, Central Black Earth and Central regions. As for the Ural and Central regions, wheat thrips are distributed mainly in the southern regions. The result of the damage caused by these pests is a decrease in the quality of grain and its mass, and the total yield losses often reach twenty percent
Meet the pest
Adult wheat thrips range in size from 1.5 to 2 mm and can range in color from black to dark brown. These parasites are endowed with a flexible, narrow and elongated body, and their very narrow wings are decorated with a long fringe of hairs. The heads of wheat thrips are usually longer than their widths. Their eyes are large, dark brown in color (sometimes they may even appear black). And the front legs of malicious villains are yellowish.
The overwintering of the adult red larvae of wheat thrips takes place at a depth of ten to twenty centimeters in the surface soil layer. They often overwinter in the root parts of the wheat stubble. In the spring, as soon as the soil warms up to eight degrees, the larvae get out of it and develop in their final stages - pronymphs and nymphs. As a rule, at these stages, pests are painted in bright red tones and are endowed with transparent antennae and heads with legs. It is noteworthy that the larvae can leave the soil for a whole month.
Adult wheat thrips appear before earing of winter crops begins. Then the massive years of these pests occurs. Females lay several white eggs on the spikelet scales and spikelets, and their total fertility is twenty to thirty eggs. Eggs usually develop for six to eight days, and larvae develop on average 15 to 21 days. They feed mainly on poured grains. Hot dry weather favors the multiplication of wheat thrips to a large extent. First, they populate winter rye with wheat, and a little later they get to spring wheat. And by the beginning of harvesting, the eaten parasites complete their nutrition and go into the soil.
Adult wheat thrips mainly damage young spikelets and leaves, from which they manage to suck out all the juice in a fairly short time. As a result, small discolored spots can be seen near the bases of the leaves. Spikelets attacked by gluttonous parasites are often deformed, and their tops become disheveled and loose. Also, you can often observe their partial barrenness or white hair.
The most serious damage is caused by harmful larvae feeding on numerous caryopsis. Small specks of yellow-brown shades are formed on the grains in the places where wheat thrips are pricked, while the grains are often deformed or become puny. The baking quality of damaged grains, as a rule, does not decrease, but their seed quality deteriorates significantly.
How to fight
The main preventive measure in the control of wheat thrips is stubble cultivation and plowing of the soil immediately after harvest. When sowing cereals, it is necessary to observe the crop rotation, and it is preferable to sow spring crops as early as possible. Regularly killing volunteers and applying phosphate fertilizers will also do a great job.
If there are more than a dozen harmful larvae for each spikelet, then the crops are treated with "Engio", "Rogor" or "Zepellin" insecticides. You can also use drugs "Borey", "Aliot" and "Sirocco". Such means as "Shar Pei" and "Break" will help just as well.
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