2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The common grain moth lives on the territory of Russia mainly in the forest-steppe zone. The harm is caused mainly by voracious caterpillars, willingly eating corn, barley, oats, cereals and rye with wheat. And in the years of mass reproduction, the common grain scoop is capable of destroying a huge amount of grain without much difficulty
Meet the pest
The common grain scoop is a butterfly that ranges in size from 32 to 42 mm. The front wings of the pests are painted in grayish-brownish tones and are equipped with short black stripes near the bases. Also, on their front wings, there are rather large light specks of a round and reniform shape, encircled by indistinct rims. Closer to the edges of the wings, you can see rusty-black transverse stripes, and wedge-shaped spots in ordinary grain scoops are rather weakly expressed. As for the hind wings, they are usually lighter than the front ones.
The eggs of harmful parasites are equipped with 34 to 36 radial ribs and are painted in pale yellow tones. Brownish-gray caterpillars grow up to 24 - 26 mm in length. Occasionally, they can be colored in olive-brown color, and the heads of the caterpillars are usually dark yellow. Pupae, reaching 15 - 20 mm in size, can be either blackish-brownish or pale yellowish. All of them are endowed with four thin bristles and a pair of strong and large spines bent outward.
Caterpillars of different ages overwinter in granaries or in the fields (in the upper soil layer or under plant debris). With the onset of spring, they pupate, and in June one can observe the appearance of butterflies. And their years, which falls on July, usually coincides with the stage of earing the grain. The main food of winged gourmands is the sugary liquid in the ears of cereals.
Eggs are laid by females on spikelet scales, awns and legs, as well as on leaves covering the ears. The total fertility of females often reaches four hundred eggs, and the embryonic development of parasites takes from eight to fourteen days.
Caterpillars of the first instar immediately bite into the grains, where they feed later. And caterpillars that have reached the fourth age begin to eat the grains also outside, often nibbling them entirely. The feeding of harmful caterpillars continues until the harvest itself. Often they also feed on grain that is in granaries, on currents and in rolls. And at the end of the harvest, the pests do not disdain even a carrion. As a rule, an ordinary grain scoop gives only one generation per season.
Particularly favorable for the reproduction of harmful parasites are air temperatures of no more than eighteen degrees and an annual precipitation rate of 350 mm and more.
How to fight
When sowing cereal crops, it is recommended to observe the optimal sowing time. No less important is the observance of crop rotation - it is categorically not recommended to sow grain crops on spike predecessors. A good measure would also be two-fold stubble plowing in conjunction with deep autumn plowing of areas inhabited by caterpillars of the common grain moth. If possible, you should also fight the carrion. And harvesting should be separate, with threshing and quick picking of swaths. Pests infested with pests must be discarded at the same time.
In the event that for every hundred spikelets there are a couple of dozen caterpillars, insecticides are used - they are usually used against caterpillars of the second or third age. And against caterpillars of younger ages, it is allowed to use various biological products.
The common grain moth also has natural enemies - these are entomophages (parasites and predators), which significantly limit the reproduction of gluttonous pests. These parasites are also affected by various diseases.
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