2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Brown spot, otherwise called cladosporium, affects not only tomatoes - it also causes a lot of harm to potatoes and other plants from the Solanaceae family. The spread of such an infection occurs through contaminated soil, as well as plant debris and seeds. If you do not fight this scourge, you can not expect a good harvest
A few words about the disease
At the very beginning of the disease, yellowish ones are formed on the lower leaves, which later turn into concentric specks of a blackish-brown hue. The same spots can be observed on tomato fruits. And on the lower parts of the stems, it is easy to notice dark and somewhat elongated spots, on which, after some time, the formation of a brownish-black plaque begins, containing spores of the fungus-causative agent of such an unpleasant ailment. The development of the disease occurs from the bottom up. Gradually, the leaves begin to turn yellow and die off, and the fruits turn brown and dry out quickly.
In rainy hot seasons, the development of the disease is much stronger. Brown spot is especially dangerous in greenhouses.
Spores of the harmful fungus can persist on the inner parts of greenhouses, in the surface soil layer, as well as on fallen leaves.
How to fight
It is imperative to eliminate all plant residues from tomato beds. This can be done both by deep plowing and by ordinary digging of the soil. When growing both potatoes and tomatoes, it is necessary to observe the rules of crop rotation (for three years, tomatoes are not planted in the same place). Moreover, it is highly undesirable to place these two crops on a plot in close proximity to each other - tomatoes require spatial isolation from other nightshade crops.
When growing tomatoes, it is recommended to pay attention to varieties resistant to cladosporia and modern hybrids of this culture. It should be borne in mind that there are several races of the pathogenic fungus that causes this ailment, and each variety can, showing resistance to one race, become infected with a completely different one.
Infection of leaves can be stopped if the temperature in the greenhouses is raised to twenty-five to thirty degrees, and the humidity of the air is simultaneously reduced to sixty percent. In this case, all already infected leaves die.
Greenhouses must be systematically ventilated so that droplets do not have time to form on the inner surfaces of the film. It is equally important to observe the air humidity regime along with the temperature regime. By the way, mulching the soil near tomato plantings with peat helps to keep the increase in air humidity quite well.
Also, greenhouses, greenhouse equipment, frames and boxes should be disinfected regularly. You should try to take the land from those plots where tomatoes have not been grown in the last three years. Or you can simply use a disinfected greenhouse mixture or a mixture prepared in self-heating heaps.
Infected leaves must be removed very carefully so as not to accidentally contribute to the dispersion of harmful spores. It is better to first place the infected leaf in a cellophane bag, and then carefully remove it.
When the very first symptoms of brown spot are detected, prophylactic spraying with solutions of "Tsineba" (0.4%), "Arcerida", copper oxychloride (0.4%), "Kaptana" (0.5%), "Ridomila" (0, 2%), "Polychoma" (0.4%) or "Polycarbacin" (0.4%). Bordeaux liquid can also be used. Such copper-containing preparations as Alfa-Copper and Kuproksat, as well as a number of potent fungicides: Bravo, Fundazol, Bogatyr Extra, Fitosporin-M and Spartak, have proven themselves well. Repeat spraying about once every two weeks. It is also allowed to sprinkle tomatoes with a solution of garlic every ten days.
If the tomato fruits are affected by the disease strongly enough, the surviving fruits should be immediately collected and put to ripen outside the beds.
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