2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Velvet (lat. Phellodendron) - a genus of shrubs and trees of the Rutovye family. The genus includes 10 species, closely related in biological characteristics, distributed mainly in East Asia. In Russia, Amur velvet is a frequent visitor to gardens and parks.
Characteristics of culture
Velvet is a deciduous tree with an openwork crown and a trunk covered with corky, velvety, fissured, gray or gray-brown bark. Leaves are pinnate, opposite, fragrant, consisting of 7-11 fine-toothed or whole, oily-glandular, bright green leaves. From the inside, the leaves are pubescent along the midrib, the upper surface is smooth. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, collected in corymbose multi-flowered inflorescences. The fruit is a violet-black drupe-like berry that divides into five fruits. Seeds are asymmetrical, elliptical, black or brown in color with a distinct sheen.
Views
* Amur velvet (lat. Phellodendron amurense) is one of the most common types used in landscaping gardens. It is represented by slender trees up to 25 m high with a wide-oval semi-green crown. The leaves are rather large, light green or dark green, with 5-13 leaflets. In the fall, the foliage turns yellow-orange or pale copper. The flowers are inconspicuous, small, almost invisible in the foliage. Flowering lasts about two weeks. Fruits are spherical, inedible, have a pungent resinous smell, do not fall off until spring (if not disturbed). The species is characterized by increased winter hardiness, rapid growth and wind resistance. Propagated mainly by seeds and root shoots. Cuttings are not recommended as the cuttings do not take root well. Looks great in alliance with other ornamental and fruit trees and bushes, for example, with oak, maple, birch and conifers.
* Chinese velvet (lat. Phellodendron chinense) - a native of China. It is represented by trees up to 12 m high. The growing season is May - October. It cannot boast of fast growth and winter hardiness. It does not bloom in the middle zone and other climatic zones of Russia.
* Japanese velvet (lat. Phellodendron japonicum) - outwardly similar to Amur velvet, differs in leaf morphology and size. The bark of this species is darker, relatively thin. The growing season is April - October. It grows rather slowly, has increased cold-resistant characteristics. It propagates heavily both by cuttings and seeds. Flowering begins in June.
* Sakhalin velvet (Latin Phellodendron sachalinense) - the species is represented by trees up to 20 m high. The growing season is May - October. Average winter hardiness. It can be grown both in the middle lane and in the Moscow region. Photophilous. In nature, it grows in mixed forests, on the slopes and along river valleys.
Growing conditions
Velvet is picky about soil fertility. Loamy, moderately moist, well aerated soils are optimal. The location is preferably sunny, protected from dry winds. Sandy, waterlogged and waterlogged soils are not suitable for growing crops.
Care
Plants need regular watering. The soil moisture in the near-trunk zone must be maintained at an optimal level, avoiding overdrying and waterlogging. Top dressing has a positive effect on the growth of velvet, but fertilizers are applied only in spring and in the first half of summer. For top dressing, you can use both organic and complex mineral fertilizers.
Pruning should be done very carefully. It is advisable to carry out this procedure in the spring. After trimming, the wounds are treated with garden varnish - this is a prerequisite. Mulching and loosening the trunk circle is encouraged.
Reproduction
Velvet is propagated by seeds, cuttings and root shoots. The last two methods have a low percentage of rooting. The seed method is the most effective. Sowing is carried out with freshly harvested seeds directly into the ground under a shelter. Spring sowing is also possible, but in this case the seeds must be stratified within three months.
If the deadline has been missed, the seeds are soaked in hot water for three days, periodically changing the water. The seeding depth is 1, 5-2 cm. Seedlings during autumn sowing appear with the onset of warmth. They are very demanding to care for, otherwise it will not work to get healthy trees. Seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place after 2-3 years.
It is recommended to plant velvet seedlings in the spring. The landing pit is prepared in the fall. The depth and diameter of the pit is about 60 cm. Garden soil, mixed with humus, turf soil and sand in equal proportions, is laid on the bottom with a slide.
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Amur Velvet
Amur velvet belongs to a family called rue. In Latin, the name of this plant sounds like this: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Description of Amur Velvet Amur velvet is a tree that can reach about thirty meters in height and one meter in diameter.
Chinese Velvet
Chinese velvet (lat.Phellodendron chinense) - decorative culture; a representative of the Velvet genus of the Rutovye family. Not the most common type in ornamental gardening, in popularity and appearance it is slightly inferior to its close relative - Amur velvet.
Japanese Velvet
Japanese velvet (lat.Phellodendron japonicum) - decorative culture; a representative of the Velvet genus of the Rutovye family. Comes from the island of Honshu (the largest island in Japan). It is used in ornamental gardening, unlike its close relative, Amur velvet, is a rare species.
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