2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Phomosis, otherwise called dry rot, covers not only roots with stalks in cabbage, but also cotyledonous leaves. Literally all types of cabbage suffer from it. The manifestations of this ailment are noted on white cabbage and cauliflower, as well as on broccoli and kohlrabi. It is impossible to avoid infection and Brussels sprouts, Savoy cabbage, as well as Peking cabbage. In addition, in addition to cabbage, mustard, radish, rutabaga, turnip, turnip, and a little less radish, as well as a number of wild cruciferous crops may suffer. Phomaosis is especially harmful during wet seasons
A few words about the disease
When the stems are damaged, the manifestations of phomosis are somewhat reminiscent of the manifestations of a black leg, however, the affected tissues have yellowish-grayish shades and are strewn with many black spots. Pale spots densely dotted with black specks form on the cotyledon leaves, and light brownish spots, framed with dark edges, form on cabbage stalks and leaves. The lower leaves acquire purple or bluish tints, and the leaves may even fall off the heads of cabbage.
For vegetation infected with phomosis, a significant slowdown in growth is characteristic, often the plants turn pale. The affected tissues are gradually destroyed, and some time later dry rot forms in their place. And the seeds on the vegetation attacked by the disease are considered infected initially.
The causative agent of phomosis is a harmful and extremely aggressive fungus called Phoma Ungarn. In vegetation, he makes his way most often through tissues damaged by all kinds of pests.
The spread of a harmful scourge occurs through infected seeds, seedlings and plant debris. The harmful fungus hibernates on them. Also, the infection can be transmitted by insects, raindrops, wind, watering and mechanical means.
It is important to know that the pathogen can persist in the soil for a very long time - up to seven years. And the intensity of the development of the disease is interrelated with climatic conditions. Temperatures in the range from 23 to 26 degrees, as well as humidity above 70 - 80%, are very conducive to the development of phomosis.
How to fight
Compliance with the rules of crop rotation, as well as the timely elimination of residues of vegetation from the beds are effective measures not only in the fight against phomosis, but also in its prevention. The return of cruciferous crops to their former planting sites is possible only after two to three years, not earlier. The cultivation of varieties and hybrids resistant to this scourge will also serve well, among which such as Regent M and Aggressor M.
You should also fight cabbage fly and other insect pests, since damage to cabbage by all kinds of leaf-eating parasites and aphids greatly contribute to the development of the disease.
Before planting, seeds are strongly recommended to be thermally disinfected for twenty minutes at a temperature of about fifty degrees. Throughout the growing season, it is imperative to remove infected plants, and also discard diseased seedlings when planting.
In order to increase the resistance of cabbage to ailment, it is recommended to treat crops with a mixture of biological preparations (Phytocid R in combination with Trichodermin), adding liquid soap or Liposam adhesive to them. Such treatments are carried out first immediately after the seedlings are planted, and then at intervals of twenty to twenty-five days throughout the growing season. Well, if the air temperature is more than 25 degrees, and also during the season there will be an impressive amount of precipitation, then the treatments must be carried out more often - once every couple of weeks. The best parameters for the use of biological products are considered to be air humidity within 65 - 70% and its temperature not lower than 18 degrees. If it suddenly rains on the day of treatment, it is better to repeat it. It will be advisable to do this even if it rained the next day after the event.
A good effect in the fight against phomosis can also be achieved by measures taken when cabbage crops are affected by no less harmful downy mildew.
In order to exclude the development of phomosis during storage of cabbage crops, one should try to lay exceptionally healthy heads of cabbage on the mother liquors, and also constantly maintain the storage regime that is most optimal for cabbage.
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