2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Phomosis, otherwise called dry rot, can affect carrots not only during their growth, but also during storage. During the winter storage period, the loss of root crops is especially great. Moreover, absolutely any plant organs suffer from this scourge. And tender seedlings affected by this fungal disease wither and die in the shortest possible time. Phomosis was first reported in 1893 in Denmark
A few words about the disease
On the carrot petioles and leaf veins affected by phomaosis, grayish-brownish oblong specks are formed. And on the stems, in addition to specks of lilac shades, stripes of dark color also begin to appear. On the surfaces of fragile damaged tissues, many black pycnidia can be seen. From the leaves, the ailment slowly passes to ripening root crops.
Often, the disease affects the stems of the testes and carrot inflorescences. Seeds from such plants are usually almost always contaminated.
Brownish spots begin to form on the upper parts of carrot roots, gradually deepening as the disease develops. And some time later, such specks can appear on almost any part of the root crops. Subsequently, dry ulcers and depressions form at the sites of the destroyed tissues. If you cut the carrots, you can see that infected tissues are clearly separated from healthy ones by dark-colored rings.
Initially, root crops are affected at the tops, at the points of growth of leaves, and subsequently the lesions pass to their necks with tails.
On light soils, phomosis causes the greatest harm to carrots. The causative agent of this fungal disease persists in the remains of vegetation, as well as in uterine roots and seeds. And its distribution occurs by pycnospores. The incubation period for the development of phomosis is in direct proportion to the ambient temperature. At a temperature of 15 - 16 degrees, it is equal to six to seven days, and if the temperature is 20 - 22 degrees, the duration of the incubation period will increase to 45 days (the increased temperature largely contributes to the development of phomosis).
How to fight
The remains of vegetation from the beds should be tried to be removed in a timely manner. Roots damaged by all kinds of pests and infected should be immediately eliminated from the plots. It is equally important to follow the rules of crop rotation - earlier than three or four years later, it is better not to return carrots to their former places. All crops of the first year of life when planting must be isolated from crops of the second year. And the plots allotted for planting carrots are dug up, while introducing increased doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers into them.
It is useful to treat carrot seeds before sowing them, as well as root crops before being sent for storage, with a solution of "Tigama" (0.5%). The seeds are also treated with TMTD. And a couple of weeks before harvesting, top dressing is carried out using potassium chloride (for ten liters of water, 50 g of it will be required).
To combat cereal and annual dicotyledonous weeds, the soil is sprayed with the preparation "Gezagard" even before the crops sprout. Spraying is also allowed in the phase of one or two true leaves. And after the emergence of crops, the soil can be treated with "Fuzilad Forte". Plants of the second year of life, when the first symptoms of phomosis appear, are also recommended to be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid.
It is important to harvest root crops in dry weather, immediately cutting off the tops and leaving only small cuttings up to one centimeter in size. Before storing carrots, they are sorted, rejecting root crops with mechanical damage, as well as dried specimens. Storage facilities must be systematically disinfected with sulfur dioxide or formalin, and also whitewashed with lime. The most optimal parameters for storing root crops are air humidity in the range of 80 - 85% and its temperature in the region of one to two degrees.
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