2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Fruit rot, or moniliosis, affects pome crops quite often. Most often, this ailment attacks apple and quince with pears. Sometimes, though to a lesser extent, moniliosis can be found in a number of stone fruit cultures. Especially massively fruit rot spreads closer to the second half of summer, and this is facilitated by the high humidity of the air, exceeding the value of 75%, and its no less high temperature
A few words about the disease
On the surface of fruits affected by fruit rot, specks of brownish shades are formed, gradually increasing as this dangerous ailment develops. In just a week, the fetus can turn into one huge spot. At the same time, the pulp of the fruit loses its usual taste and becomes friable.
In addition to specks, large whitish growths are also formed on the fruits, located in the form of concentric circles and containing harmful spores.
Infected fruits almost always fall off, and specimens that remain hanging on branches are mummified. It is noteworthy that in this form, they can persist for up to two years, continuing to be the cause of the spread of a harmful infection. And shoots of fruit trees are often covered with an unpleasant bloom of grayish shades and dry up.
First of all, harmful moniliosis affects fruits that have wounds (mainly as a result of the activity of various insects) and other mechanical damage. Fruits infected with geese, as well as fruits that have cracked as a result of scab infestation, are also severely affected.
During the storage period of the fruits, the harmful fungus causes them black rot - the pulp of the fruits in this case turns brown, and they themselves turn into lacquered black. Concentric circles are absent on them.
The causative agent of fruit rot is a pathogenic fungus that overwinters mainly on mummified fruits. The most affected by fruit rot are such apple varieties as Suislepskoe, White filling, Antonovka, Pepin saffron, Orlik, Candy and Pepinka golden.
How to fight
Compliance with the basic agrotechnical rules, along with the observance of the most important recommendations for the care of fruit trees, are the priority tasks of every gardener in the fight against fruit rot. And the cultivation of varieties resistant to this scourge can generally eliminate the need to fight it. Resistant apple varieties include Welsey, Yubilyar, Feimez, Lovefam, Liberty, Darunak, Belarusian Sinap and Bananovoe.
Affected fruits should be collected and destroyed systematically. It is necessary to remove the dead branches. It is equally important to carry out all kinds of preventive measures aimed at getting rid of weevils, harmful moths, insatiable caterpillars and other pests.
A good effect in the fight against fruit rot is given by prophylactic spraying of gardens with a solution of iodine or "Fitosporin". To prepare an iodine solution for ten liters of water, take about 10 ml of five percent iodine. However, it is necessary to keep within with such spraying no later than a month before harvesting.
As soon as the first signs of a dangerous disease begin to appear on the trees, it is recommended to spray the trees with the Zircon preparation. If moniliosis was raging in the garden last summer, then next spring such spraying will be incredibly effective. They are carried out twice at a two-week interval.
Gathering fruits during harvesting must be careful so as not to accidentally damage them. For storage, it is important to try to lay fruits that do not have mechanical damage.
With regard to chemical measures to control fruit rot, measures similar to those commonly used to control scab can be applied. In the spring, before the buds bloom, the soil, together with the trees, is sufficiently abundantly sprayed with "Oleocobrite", "Nitrafen", "Azophos", as well as with iron or copper sulfate. You can also use Bordeaux liquid. It is also allowed to use such drugs as "Flint", "Topaz", "Skor", "Strobi" and "Confidor".
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