2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Beetroot crumbs are found almost everywhere and damage the beet crop. This pest is especially common in the western regions of Russia, in areas characterized by high humidity. Gluttonous beetroot parasites gnaw round and oval holes in the parts of beet seedlings growing underground. These pits can be both superficial and shallow, and very deep. Also, beetroot crumbs gnaw small holes in the leaves, thereby damaging them. They are most harmful in years with wet and rather cool springs. Having received serious damage, the plants gradually die
Meet the pest
Beetroot crumb is a small bug measuring 1, 2 - 1, 8 mm, endowed with an almost square pronotum covered with a thin fluff and a rather flat, slightly elongated body. The color of these pests can vary from black-brownish to blackish. The yellowish or reddish antennae of beetroot crumbs are equipped with small clubs.
The size of shiny and white oval eggs is approximately 0.4 mm. The length of the translucent pearl-white larvae is 2, 5 - 3 mm. The heads of the larvae are flat and yellowish, the legs are short and equipped with long claws, and on the abdomens, on their very last segments, there are two chitinized, slightly curved hook-shaped processes with small ejectors from below. White translucent pupae reach sizes from 1, 6 to 2 mm. And on the anterior segments of their abdomens can be seen by a pair of sharp little long processes.
Half-ripe bugs usually hibernate under the remnants of vegetation or at a depth of ten to fifteen centimeters in the soil. In addition, they can also winter on the slopes of deep ravines, in numerous forest belts and roadside grooves, in the fields from under the landings and on buryachische. And as soon as the temperature rises to three to five degrees in early spring, the bugs begin to move to the surface. It also happens that during the winter thaws, they wake up and get out. And sharp temperature drops at this time become the cause of the mass death of beet crumbs.
Once out, the beetles begin to feed on weeds and beet residues. The resettlement of these enemies of the beet is observed mainly in the evenings and at night, when the thermometer reaches a temperature of 9 - 12 degrees. And the mass summer of beet crumbs is favored by temperatures in the range of 17 - 22 degrees. These parasites colonize sugar beets as soon as shoots appear.
Beet crumbs stay on the surface mainly in early spring, and then they hide in the soil, getting out only in the evening hours or in cloudy weather.
In the first half of May, beet parasites begin to lay eggs, continuing to do so until August. Eggs are laid by females to a depth of twenty to thirty centimeters into the soil, and the total fertility of pests is up to fifty eggs. The period of embryonic development of beetroot crumbs takes from five to seven days.
In May, larvae begin to be born - this process, like the laying of eggs, continues approximately until the first decade of August. The concentration of larvae is observed in the upper soil layers (from 5 to 7 cm in depth) - it is there that most of the tasty testes and beet roots of the first year are located. The larvae feeding on small roots, as they develop, gradually deepen to forty to sixty centimeters into the soil, and when dry weather is established, they get to a depth of eighty to ninety centimeters. After 35 - 42 days, they pupate. The development of pupae takes an average of eleven to thirteen days. The formed bugs remain in the soil until autumn, massively getting out to its surface with the onset of September-early October and starting additional nutrition. And with the arrival of cold weather, they go to winter. Only one generation of beet crumb develops per year.
How to fight
The natural enemies of beetroot crumbs are a number of ground beetles and parasitic nematodes actively developing in the abdomens of beetles. And the larvae with pupae are periodically attacked by various fungal and all kinds of bacterial diseases, especially in rather wet years.
Good preventive measures against beet crumbs are deep autumn plowing, the use of various fertilizers, as well as spatial isolation of new crops from last year's.
When harvesting beets, all root crops, as well as planting sugar beets, should be dug out completely. And having collected the entire crop, it is important to take care of the destruction of plant residues.
It is advisable to start treatment with insecticides only in case of too large number of gluttonous beetroot crumbs. For spraying, such preparations as "Proteus", "Maxi", "Confidor", "Calypso", "Profi" and "Decis" are well suited.
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