2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Dry rot of cabbage crops in science is called phomosis. Plants affected by this disease gradually turn pale and slow down their growth, and their lower leaves are painted in bluish or pinkish tones. Literally all types of cabbage are susceptible to phomosis: broccoli and Savoy, Peking, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and white cabbage. External signs of this disease can be seen on young plants, and on grown crops, as well as on the testes
A few words about the disease
Often, dry rot also affects seedlings. Roots, stems and leaves are mainly affected by it. On the cotyledon leaves, pale specks with black blotches are formed.
On the stems, the manifestations of dry rot are somewhat reminiscent of the manifestations of the symptoms of a disease such as black leg. The main difference is that the affected tissues during phomosis are painted in a yellowish-grayish color with black spots randomly located on them. On delicate cabbage stumps and leaves, light brownish specks are formed, framed with dark edges, which contain pycnidia, and the lower leaves acquire a purple or bluish tint. If damaged by dry rot, the leaves can fall off the heads of cabbage.
As the disease develops, with the destruction of the affected tissues, the formation of dry rot begins. It is noteworthy that on crops affected by dry rot, seeds are immediately considered infected.
The causative agent of phomosis is an imperfect mushroom called Phoma lingam Desm. The mycelium spreads mainly along the intercellular spaces, and convex pycnidia form on the surface of infected tissues. In these pycnidia, tiny pycnospores of an ovoid or oblong-cylindrical shape, and sometimes even slightly bent, are subsequently formed.
The spread of dry rot occurs mainly with plant debris, as well as with infected seeds and seedlings. This disease attacks plants with particular force during wet seasons. A destructive infection can persist in the soil for as long as seven years.
Often, dry rot also develops during storage of cabbage, especially if its storage areas are characterized by high temperatures and high humidity. In this case, cabbage stumps gradually become rotten, and ulcers on the heads of cabbage noticeably increase in size.
How to fight
When growing cabbage, it is very important to observe the rules of crop rotation. It is also necessary to remove all plant residues from the beds in a timely manner. It is no less important to systematically fight cabbage fly and other insect pests - to a large extent, the development of phomosis is facilitated by mechanical damage to cabbage crops by voracious leaf-eating insects and aphids.
It is recommended to treat cabbage seeds with a solution of tigam (0.5%) before planting. It is also allowed to heal the seeds by warming them for twenty minutes in water, the temperature of which ranges from 48 to 50 degrees. After that, they are cooled in cold water and dried, and then etched with fentiuram or TMTD. An early sowing of cabbage to a depth of 1 - 2 cm in moist soils will also be an effective measure against phomosis.
The soil in greenhouses must periodically be either changed or disinfected with tiazone, carbation, or other suitable preparations. Greenhouse frames, boxes and equipment should also be disinfected. As a rule, such disinfection is carried out with a solution of bleach (for ten liters of water - 400 g) or formalin (it will take 1 liter for 25 liters of water). If symptoms of dry rot are found on the plants, and on the testes in particular, the cabbage is sprayed with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.
It is possible to increase the resistance of cabbage to phomosis by fertilizing the soil with phosphorus-potassium, as well as potash fertilizers. But the varieties that are completely resistant to this ailment, unfortunately, have not yet been identified.
When combating phomosis, it is allowed to use measures to combat downy mildew of cabbage.
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