2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Dry black rot of gladioli, called sclerotinosis in science, is considered an extremely harmful disease - the harm from this ailment is comparable to the damage caused to beautiful flowers by the destructive fusarium. Most often, this trouble can be encountered in areas characterized by a cool and damp climate. Prolonged rains are especially favorable for the development of dry black rot. To cope with this ailment, it is important to identify it in time and begin a timely fight against it
A few words about the disease
When damaged by dry black rot, the tips of the leaves of gladioli begin to slowly turn yellow. In addition, the leaves are also affected outside, in the places of their attachment to the corms, that is, at the very bases of the stems. Infected stalks rot and quickly break, and their tissues begin to get wet and disintegrate into separate threads, between which you can notice tiny black sclerotia. In most cases, corms rot and the plants die.
If the lesions are not so significant, then tiny brownish specks, literally the size of a pinhead, initially appear on the corms, and after some time they begin to merge into blackish-brownish depressed spots of larger sizes. The scales gradually turn brown and become brittle, and their edges look like charred. If you try to remove these edges, then pronounced blackish rings will remain on the corms. And after a while, the merging specks form annular areas of russeting equipped with uneven surfaces. Corms slowly dry up and actively mummify, and small tubers and corms simply harden without changing their color. If the disease began to develop in a humid environment, then whitish mycelium interspersed with dark sclerotia may additionally appear on the spots.
In dry storages, the flow of dry black rot can stop - slightly affected corms often persist until spring and often form fully flowering plants. Nevertheless, seemingly healthy corms are carriers of a latent disease.
The causative agent of this unpleasant scourge is the soil microscopic fungus Sclerotinia gladioli, which belongs to the genus Sclerotinia and can persist in the soil for up to twenty or even twenty-five years. In humus-rich soils, as well as on acidic, damp and heavy soils, this fungus forms foci of infection that persist for a long time. In addition, the pathogen often persists in plant debris as well as in infected corms.
How to fight
Infected gladioli, as well as tubules on them, should be promptly destroyed by burning them together with leaves and stems. As a prophylaxis during the growing season, growing gladioli are sprayed with copper-containing preparations: either copper oxychloride (0.5%), or one percent Bordeaux liquid.
Another effective preventive measure is the pre-planting heat treatment of gladioli for a quarter of an hour at a temperature of about fifty-three degrees. Also, to avoid infection, you can pickle the corms before planting in a solution of the drug "Maxim", and in the event that gladioli are cultivated on an industrial scale, a 2% solution of foundationazol is used to pickle the corms. If the infection is too strong, it is recommended to etch them with the above preparations before laying the corms for storage.
If gladioli are grown on heavy soils, then it will not hurt to additionally add coarse sand to them, as well as reduce the acidity and moisture of the soil. And the harvesting of the bulbs is ideally carried out as early as possible.
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