2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Hole spotting, or apricot clotterosporia, is a very common attack. It is especially harmful in the southern regions. However, it is not uncommon to encounter perforated spots in the central regions. Sometimes a harmful disease can cover up to 100% of apricot plantings. The perforated spot usually affects different parts of apricots, but most often its manifestations can be observed on fruits with leaves. On the shoots with fruits, the formation of rather unpleasant specks begins, and the tissues on the leaves gradually fall out
A few words about the disease
On apricot leaves attacked by a perforated spot, many reddish-brownish rounded specks are formed, the diameter of which is from 3 to 5 mm. After about a week or two, these spots completely fall out, and round holes of the correct shape remain in the leaf blades. Hence the name of the harmful misfortune - perforated spotting.
On the leaf petioles, exactly the same spots are formed as on the leaves, only in this case the leaves fall off entirely. For apricot plantings attacked by the ill-fated disease, premature leaf fall is characteristic. Especially often it can be observed in the more affected lower part of the crowns.
On the bark of young shoots, in most cases, first spots of an unpleasant appearance appear, and after some time the bark begins to crack, and gum is released from the cracks formed. A particularly dangerous form of development of clasterosporium disease is considered to be precisely the defeat of branches with shoots.
As for the fruits, their perforated spot often attacks at an early age. They almost always have tiny specks of reddish-brown hues. After a while, these spots begin to increase in size and are characterized by darkening, and the growth of tissues under them stops. As a result of such changes, the fruits acquire a rather ugly shape, and in rare cases, the pulp of apricots can dry out even to the bone.
The causative agent of clasterosporium disease is a parasitic fungus that develops inside woody tissues. On the affected organs of fruit trees, its spores are actively formed, and chlamydospores are formed in the sores and cracks on the bark, which are immune to various unfavorable conditions. In addition, they, like spores, are a rather dangerous source of infection.
The beginning of the vital activity and growth of the pathogen starts in early spring, as soon as the air warms up to zero degrees. The best temperature for its development in this case will be about twenty degrees, and the maximum allowable temperature is considered to be twenty-nine to thirty degrees. If the thermometer rises higher, then the mushroom spores will begin to die. At a temperature of thirty-three degrees, they die in about forty-eight hours, and at a temperature of thirty-seven degrees, it takes only twenty-four hours for them to die.
The degree of development of a harmful scourge is in direct proportion to the stock of infection at the site.
How to fight
A thorough autumn tillage, in which fallen fruits and leaves are plowed, will serve well in the fight against perforated spotting.
Shoots with branches attacked by clotteroporia should be systematically cut and burned, and tree crowns should be regularly thinned out. All cracks and wounds are disinfected with either garden putties or lime milk (4 - 8%), to which iron or copper sulfate (1 - 2%) is added.
At the end of flowering, apricot plantings are sprayed with one percent Bordeaux liquid or a suspension of freshly slaked lime (2 - 4%). Then, every fifteen to twenty days, such spraying is repeated. And after autumn leaf fall, fruit trees are treated with lime-sulfuric broth or five percent Bordeaux liquid. If during the winter period this solution is completely washed off, then in early spring this treatment should be repeated, and it is extremely important to keep within with it before bud break.
If the ill-fated perforated spot provoked premature leaf fall, then high-quality fertilizers will also be needed.
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