2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Photo: lithian / Rusmediabank.ru
On the way to obtaining a quality grape harvest, gardeners often face a huge number of troubles. And one of them can be safely called rubella. The disease, in turn, can be both infectious and non-infectious. They have different reasons for their occurrence, but each of them incurs significant losses. How to recognize ailments? And what actions need to be taken?
Non-infectious rubella
Non-infectious rubella is a consequence of a lack of potassium in the soil, often the disease is accompanied by sudden temperature drops at night and long dry periods. It threatens with focal lesions of all parts of the grapes, as well as thickening of the veins of the foliage. If you do not address the cause, non-infectious rubella leads to drying and death of the leaves and ridges of the bunches, and subsequently to inevitable death.
To exclude the disease, it is important when the first symptoms are detected, namely red or brown wedge-shaped spots on the foliage with their subsequent drying out, it is necessary to treat the grapes with potassium nitrate. Moreover, a one-time treatment is not enough, at least 5 procedures should be carried out with an interval equal to a week. In the fall, it is recommended to add potassium chloride to the soil.
Infectious rubella
Infectious rubella is caused by infection of grapes with a marsupial fungus called Pseudopeziza tracheiphila. It penetrates through the wounds or pores of the leaves, and then germinates and actively spreads throughout the plant due to the formation of bags, each of which contains eight spores. As a rule, more than one hundred bags are formed on one plant.
2-3 weeks after infection, wedge-shaped red spots form on the surface of the foliage, and the color between the veins also changes. While the process of forming bags does not stop, and disputes, in turn, due to the wind, favorably move to neighbors.
It should be noted that the marsupial fungus significantly weakens the plant, because due to vascular lesions, the grapes do not receive nutrients. As a result, the plant is starving. Even before the onset of flowering, the grapes lose their foliage, the shoots lag behind in growth, the fruits ripen slowly, become smaller, and deformed. By the way, the process itself occurs most actively at a temperature of 20C, but at low or high temperatures it slows down somewhat.
In order to get rid of infectious rubella, it is recommended to treat plants with drugs, which are used to combat an equally common grape disease called mildew. It can be spraying with 0.4% cuprozan solution, 0.3% copper oxychloride solution, etc. It is important to remember that foliage must be processed from the front and back sides, otherwise the efficiency will decrease significantly. Repeat spraying every 2-3 weeks.
Also, against infectious rubella, treatments with the fungicide Ridomil Gold and the systemic drug Skor. They are carried out starting from the phase of two or three leaves, and continue until the formation of inflorescences.
Vineyards that were sick in the past year can be treated with biological agents. Yes, they cannot boast of a pronounced effect, but, unlike chemical preparations, they are non-toxic. Moreover, they are safe for beneficial insects and in no way affect the taste of the fruit. Processing is carried out with a shoot length of 10 cm, then every 10 days until the inflorescences appear.
It is important to remember that non-infectious and infectious rubella affects all grape varieties, but especially isable ones (Isabella, Lydia, Alden, Veldze, Supaga, Juodupe, Minsk Rose, Zilga, etc.).
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