2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Hawthorn Maximovich (lat. Crataegus maximowiczii) - a representative of the genus Hawthorn of the Pink family. The species got its name in honor of the Russian botanist and academician K. I. Maksimovich. In nature, it grows mainly in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Typical places are wet meadows, flood valleys, forest edges, dry mountain slopes, sparse oak and deciduous forests and river banks.
Characteristics of culture
Maksimovich's hawthorn is a shrub or tree up to 7 m high with a trunk covered with brown-gray or dark brown bark. The branches are glabrous, glossy, reddish-brown in color. Young shoots are gray, hairy. The branches are equipped with a few strong spines, the length of which varies from 1.5 to 3.5 cm. The buds are glabrous or pubescent, spherical or spherical-ovate.
Leaves are green, ovate-rhombic or ovate, 9-13-tylobate or shallowly incised, with a wedge-shaped base and a pointed apex, unequally serrate along the edge, up to 9 cm long. On the outside, the leaves are sparsely hairy, on the inside, velvety, abundantly hairy. The leaves are equipped with hairy petioles, as well as large sickle-curved stipules.
The flowers are small, white, collected in complex corymbose inflorescences. Sepals are tomentose-hairy, whole-edged, triangular in shape. Fruits are red, spherical, hairy at first, later glabrous, contain 3-5 yellowish-brown triangular seeds with wrinkled-furrowed sides. The hawthorn Maksimovich blooms in May-June, the fruits ripen in August-September.
Growing conditions
Hawthorn Maksimovich develops best on loamy, moderately moist, fertile, neutral or slightly acidic soils. Does not accept heavy clay, strongly acidic, waterlogged and saline substrates. The species in question is demanding for the location. The plant is light-requiring, tolerate light partial shade. Otherwise, the culture is unpretentious, however, under optimal conditions, it blooms more abundantly and gives good and high-quality harvests of fruits, which are actively used in cooking and medicine.
Care
Hawthorn Maksimovich is a moisture-loving culture, it needs regular watering - once a month. In drought, the amount of watering is increased by 2-3 times. Water consumption per adult tree is 10-12 liters. With sufficient rainfall, irrigation can be reduced. For the hawthorn Maximovich, sanitary pruning is important, it is carried out in the spring. Dry, frost-bitten, broken and damaged branches are removed from plants.
When using hawthorn Maximovich in creating a hedge, strong pruning is allowed, or rather, shortening the shoots by 1/3 of the length. Like other species, the considered representative of the genus easily tolerates a haircut, shrubs and trees can be shaped like a pyramid, square and even a ball. Shelter for the winter Maksimovich's hawthorn is not required, although it is advisable to wrap young trees with non-woven materials or spruce branches, and abundantly mulch the near-trunk zone with dry foliage or peat.
Pests and the fight against them
Under unfavorable growing conditions or improper care, hawthorns are often affected by pests and diseases. Among the most common and dangerous pests for trees, it should be noted: cherry slimy sawfly, hawthorn, green apple aphid and rose leafworm. For example, apple aphid damages leaves and young shoots. Aphid colonies suck the sap from the plants, as a result, the leaves curl, wither, strongly deform and, in the end, crumble. To combat apple aphids, use karbofos (at the rate of 20 g per 10 l of water), soap solution or tobacco infusion.
The hawthorn is also dangerous. The caterpillars of the hawthorn feed on leaves and buds, then pupate and in the middle of summer butterflies fly out of the pupae, which lay a huge number of eggs on the outer side of the leaves. The leaves damaged by caterpillars curl, dry out and fall off. To combat hawthorn, karbofos or chlorophos are used (at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water). Spraying is done before flowering. In spring, winter nests of hawthorns are harvested by hand.
The caterpillars of the rose budworm damage the buds, leaves and ovaries. The most effective way to get rid of the leaf roll is considered to be the treatment of plants with concentrated green oil (500 g per 10 l of water) or nitrafen (250-300 g per 10 l of water). Spraying is carried out before bud break. Chlorophos can also be used against caterpillars (20-25 g per 10 liters of water). In this case, the processing is carried out at the time of leaf blooming.
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