2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Aronia red (lat. Aronia arbutifolia) - berry culture; a representative of the genus Aronia of the Pink family. Another name is Aronia arbutolisny. Homeland is North America. Nowadays it is widely cultivated on the territory of Russia. In terms of quality and healing properties, the species is in no way inferior to Aronia aronia.
Characteristics of culture
Aronia red, or arbut-leaved - deciduous shrub up to 4 m high with a wide spreading crown. Leaves are green, leathery, obovate or elliptical, pointed at the tips, serrate along the edge, petiolate, up to 8 cm long, equipped with non-falling stipules, arranged alternately. Fall foliage becomes orange-red or red-burgundy. The flowers are small, pale pink or white, five-petal, up to 1 cm in diameter, collected in short corymbose inflorescences.
Fruits are round, juicy, red, up to 1-1, 2 cm in diameter, have an astringent and tart taste. Red chokeberry blooms, or arbut-leaved in mid-May for 2-3 weeks, the fruits ripen in August-September. The culture enters fruiting in 3-4 years after planting, annually the plants give abundant yields (up to 9-11 kg from one adult bush), suitable for making various drinks and canned foods.
The subtleties of growing and planting
Like other members of the genus, chokeberry red, or arbut-leaved blooms profusely and gives good harvests of berries in sunny or slightly shaded areas. In the shade, the culture practically does not bear fruit. Soils for successful cultivation of crops are preferred drained, moderately moist, rich in humus. It is undesirable to plant plants on dry, saline and waterlogged substrates with a strongly acidic pH reaction. The optimal level of groundwater occurrence is 1.5 m. Otherwise, red chokeberry is undemanding.
Red chokeberry is propagated by seeds, dividing the bush, green and lignified cuttings, root suckers, layering and grafting. In the latter case, rowan is used as a stock. When sowing seeds, the seeds are preliminarily stratified (within 90-120 days at a temperature of 1-3C). All breeding methods are effective, but most often gardeners propagate the culture with green cuttings and dividing the bush.
When planting chokeberry with red seedlings, the pits are prepared in advance, at least 2-3 weeks in advance, during which time the earth will have time to settle. The top layer of soil removed from the pit is mixed with organic fertilizers, for example, compost, humus or rotted manure. Positively young plants will respond to the introduction of complex mineral fertilizers, and this will also accelerate the survival process. The size of the planting pit: depth - 40-50 cm, diameter - 60-65 cm. The distance between plants plays an important role, optimally - 2-2, 5 m, with denser plantings, chokeberry is often affected by pests and diseases. This rule does not apply to decorative species intended for landscaping household plots.
The general condition of the shrubs depends on the quality of care. One of the most important maintenance procedures is pruning. The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting, the shoots are cut shortly, leaving shoots about 10-15 cm long above the soil surface. 3-4 buds are left on the shoots, this is an important condition. A year later, small shoots, weak and underdeveloped shoots are removed from the plants. From the zero order, four strong and healthy shoots are left, from which skeletal branches are formed. In the third year, thickening and weak shoots are removed from the bushes, leaving five strong shoots.
Skeletal branches, which do not branch well, are shortened by 1/3 part, and in highly branched branches, only the tips are shortened. By the fifth year after planting, the chokeberry should have about 15-20 skeletal branches. Further pruning consists in removing old and thickening branches, as well as root growth. Every spring, damaged, frozen and dry shoots are cut out (regardless of their age).
In addition to pruning, red chokeberry needs regular watering, fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers. Top dressing can be carried out both in spring and autumn. Spring feeding is preferable. Without fertilizing, the plants will not die, but they will not please with abundant flowering and a good harvest of berries. Systematic loosening and weeding of weeds are important for the plant, the first procedure is carried out 3 times during the growing season, the second - as needed. Shelter is not required for the winter, with the exception of the northern and northwestern regions of Russia. They insulate not only the bush, but also the root system.
Application
Aronia red, along with black, is actively used in ornamental gardening. Shrubs are highly decorative throughout the gardening period, moreover, they lend themselves to shearing. Plants are often used in group and specimen plantings; they are also ideal for creating a hedge. Red chokeberry berries contain a huge amount of nutrients (sucrose, glucose, fructose, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, vitamins, anthocyanates, nicotinic acid, organic acids, etc.). They are used in cooking and folk medicine.
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