2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Russian vegetable growers are not very familiar with the perilla plant. Although it has been cultivated in culture since the 18th century. The spicy variety has received several names in different countries: shiso, sudza. Let's take a closer look at an unusual vegetable
Origins
In the wild, sudza is found in the Himalayas, India. For the first time, perilla was used as a vegetable crop in China and Japan. At the beginning of the 18th century, she came to the Far East. Then it spread to the southern regions of Russia. Here it is grown for seed, like an oilseed crop. By the end of the 19th century, it was brought to Canada, USA by immigrants. In the homeland, large areas are occupied by cultural shiso plantings.
Biological features
Perilla belongs to the large family of Lamb's. Herbaceous bushes reach a height of 1 meter. Suza is a perennial culture in its native expanses; it does not winter in the conditions of central Russia.
The stem is straight, tetrahedral, strongly branched, pubescent. Leaves are opposite, upper sessile or with short petioles, lower ones with long petioles. The plate is shaped like an egg, framed along the edge with teeth.
The colors of wild species are green. Achievements of selection - burgundy, variegated color.
Flowers are small 0.5 cm in diameter, inconspicuous, double-lipped, white or slightly pinkish, densely pubescent. Short pedicels, gathered in panicles. The buds bloom starting in July.
Fruits are tied in the south, each box consists of 4 rounded smooth nuts with a mesh pattern. 1 g contains 750-800 seeds. The growing season is 120-150 days.
Varieties and varieties
In culture, two types of perilla are used:
1. Shrub Nanking. Vegetable direction, delicate, aromatic greens are used for food.
2. Basilica. Cultivated in the south to extract oil from seeds.
In Central Russia and to the north, the first option is being cultivated.
The most interesting thing is that the first variety entered in the State Register back in 1946 across Russia is a domestic Novelty. It is intended for oil production, brought out by the Far Eastern station. Little is known about him to a wide circle of vegetable growers. Nowadays it is difficult to get the seeds of the "discoverer". Not every amateur collection can boast of having one.
In 2004, the Moscow Vegetable Center introduced a new representative of Perilla - Rosinka. The height of the lush bushes reaches 140 cm. Young green leaves eventually acquire a slight purple hue. Inflorescences are white, collected in a brush. Early ripening, vegetation period 135-150 days. Vegetable purpose. The yield per square meter of greenery is 0.5-5 kg, depending on growing conditions. One plant can give 200-500 g.
In 2014, 2 Japanese variants with different leaf colors were registered:
• Akazhiso - highly branched bushes 65 cm tall. The leaf is slightly wrinkled, dark purple with a sharp tip, serrated edge. Pink inflorescences of carpal arrangement. The yield per square meter is 0, 9-1, 1 kg, per plant - 850 g. Before the start of harvesting, 100 days pass. Vegetable direction.
• Aozhiso - branched bushes reach 67 cm in height. The leaf is slightly wrinkled, light green, with a jagged edge. The flower is white, racemose. The output of finished products per square meter is 1-1, 2 kg, per plant - 880 g. A vegetable crop takes 100 days from germination to the first harvest.
In recent years, Russian breeders have worked fruitfully on this crop. The result is a whole series of sudza varieties. Mint Red, Mulatto, Oriental Decor, Ornamental, Purple, Florist's Dream. Many representatives from the latest collection have beautiful decorative leaves of a rich burgundy color with curly twisting, wrinkled folds.
We have decided on the choice of varieties. In the next article, we will learn how to propagate the perilla, we will determine the location on our site.
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