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Latin name: Raphanus Family: Cruciferous Categories: Vegetable crops |
Radish (Latin Raphanus) - vegetable culture; an annual or perennial plant of the Cruciferous family. Under natural conditions, it grows in the temperate zone of Asia and Europe. Sowing radish has become widespread in Russia.
Characteristics of culture
A radish is a plant with simple or branched stems bearing whole-edged, lyre-shaped, lobed or dissected foliage. Peduncle is rounded, pubescent, branched. Inflorescences racemose, equipped with a separate-lobed corolla of white, light purple, pink or lilac color.
Fruits in the form of cylindrical pods, contain round or flat-round, brown, gray or yellow seeds. Seeds remain viable for up to five years. Root crops are thickened, edible, can be of various shapes and colors.
There are two varieties of radish: summer and winter. The summer group includes varieties that are characterized by fast ripening of fruits, and the winter group includes varieties that take about 120 days to get ripe fruits. Radish is considered a long day plant, sowing in late April - early May leads to flowering ahead of time, often bypassing the phase of root formation.
Growing conditions
Radish is considered a cold-resistant plant, but for normal development it requires a temperature of 18C. Seedlings appear at 5 C, they can withstand frosts down to -3 C without any problems. Radish prefers light areas with moderately moist, loamy, loose, permeable, neutral soils. When growing crops on sandy soils, the root crop is too flabby and is practically not stored. It is important for the plant and the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil in sufficient quantities.
The best precursors to radish are potatoes, garlic, and cucumbers. You can not sow radish after Cabbage. It is not necessary to plant a radish in the place of cultivation for three years. The culture is extremely demanding on organic fertilizers, although it has a negative attitude towards fresh manure and undecomposed compost, root crops crack, branch and become bitter in taste.
Sowing
Before proceeding with sowing, it is necessary to carefully dig up the site, add urea, superphosphate and potassium fertilizers to the soil. Strongly acidic soils are preliminarily limed. Sowing of radish is carried out in 2 terms: summer varieties - in early spring, winter varieties - in early June. Sowing in July threatens that the roots develop poorly, become coarse, and the stems begin to trunk. Moreover, in case of untimely sowing, there is a high probability of damage to seedlings by cruciferous fleas - a pest dangerous for the culture.
The radish is sown in an ordinary way, leaving a distance between the rows of 30-35 cm. Seeds are sealed to a depth of 2 cm. Experienced gardeners advise to sow winter varieties in nests, that is, 3 seeds per hole. To protect plants from fleas, it is recommended to plant marigolds or garlic on all sides of the ridge.
Care procedures
There are no particular difficulties in caring for the culture in question. It needs regular soil aeration, weeding, fertilization and watering. With the appearance of three leaves on the plants, the crops are thinned out, leaving a distance of at least 25 cm. Re-thinning is possible.
In the process of leaving, the formation of a dense soil crust in the aisles should not be allowed; applying mulch, for example, peat, to the beds will help to cope with this problem. Over the entire growing season, the culture requires a couple of dressings: the first is carried out in the phase of three leaves, the second - at the time of the formation of the fruit. For top dressing, you can use complex mineral fertilizers, mullein infusion or slurry.
Ridges with crops are loosened at least twice a month. The depth of loosening is 5-7 cm. The volume of irrigation is increased at the time of sprouting and the formation of root crops.
Diseases and pests
Often, a culture is affected by a disease - downy mildew. It appears on the leaves, petioles and stems of the plant in the form of a white bloom, which turns brown over time. If you don't take action right away, the plants will begin to bend, dry out and fall off. You can fight powdery mildew with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.
Cruciferous fleas are no less dangerous pest of radish, causing significant damage to plantings. When pests are found, the radish is pollinated with ground sulfur.
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Wild Radish
Wild radish is one of the plants of a family called cabbage or cruciferous, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Raphanus raphanistum L. As for the name of the wild radish family itself, in Latin it will be like this: Brassicaceae Burnett.
Sowing Garden Radish
Sowing garden radish is one of the plants of the family called cabbage or cruciferous, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Raphanus sativus L. As for the name of the family of the garden radish itself, in Latin it will be like this:
Unique Leaf Radish
Many vegetable growers use radish as a root vegetable in winter for cough treatment, as an additive to salads. It turns out that there are other varieties of useful crops. In Asian countries, it is widely used as a leafy green. Let's take a closer look at a wonderful vegetable
White Radish
White radish (lat.Raphanus) Is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Cabbage family. History Mankind has been familiar with white radish since time immemorial. At the same time, the attitude towards it was always very ambiguous: some people considered it cheap food suitable only for slaves, while others called the white radish the food of the gods.
Red Radish
Red radish (Latin Raphanus) - a vegetable crop, which is one of the varieties of black radish. History Red radish is a controversial culture. Some scientists argue that this is a hybrid that appeared as a result of crossing a simple radish with a radish, while others believe that this is the most common radish that has grown to large dimensions.
