2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Moniliosis, or monilial burn, is one of the most dangerous diseases of apricot. Apricot trees attacked by him often die, as a result of which gardeners may be left without a long-awaited harvest. The development and subsequent spread of this scourge is largely facilitated by the establishment of cool and humid weather (grew and fogs) during the flowering period of apricot trees. Some gardeners believe that it is enough to fight this ailment only in autumn and spring, but this is not at all the case - one should fight moniliosis constantly
A few words about the disease
The main sign of the defeat of apricot trees by moniliosis is considered to be a change in the usual shades of flower petals - they gradually turn brown. Also, on infected trees, not only flowers, but also young fruit twigs, young annual growths and young leaves begin to wither and gradually dry out. And as soon as the disease covers the branches in a tight ring, they begin to die off. Some time later, the whole tree may die.
On thick tree branches, intensive cracking begins, turning, after some time, into wounds, from which gum is abundantly released. As a result, the apricot trees look like they were burnt by fire.
The causative agent of moniliosis is a specific fungus, which, having attacked trees during the flowering period, inhibits them further. The pathogen enters through the flower pistils and quickly spreads throughout the tree. It also affects the root system.
The most optimal conditions for the reproduction of a pathogenic fungus are considered to be humid warm weather and an air temperature in the range from fifteen to twenty degrees (with a further decrease). As a rule, the infection attacks young twigs and flowers. And the duration of the incubation period is from three to six days.
How to fight
For planting, it is best to select seedlings of apricot varieties resistant to harmful misfortunes (Yubileiny, Krasnoshchekiy, etc.). Excessively thickened plantings must be systematically thinned out - a distance of four to five meters must be observed between tree trunks. You also need to get rid of the shoots that appear between the trees. And it is important to try to cut the crowns in such a way that there is an opportunity for high-quality spraying of trees in the future.
In apricot trees attacked by moniliosis, all dry branches should be regularly cut off and burned. You also need to remove infected fruits. Damaged areas of branches and trunks are treated with garden pitch, and the lower skeletal branches with trunks are treated with lime with copper sulfate.
After the leaf fall ends, it is recommended to carefully dig up the trunk circles. It is advisable to apply high-quality fertilizers for the autumn digging. Tree crowns immediately after leaf fall are treated with Bordeaux liquid (3-4%). As an option, “blue” spraying with copper sulfate (2 - 3%) is also suitable. And with the onset of winter, it will not hurt to repeat the "blue" spraying or to carry out the treatment with a solution of sulphurous lime (20%).
When spring comes to replace winter, the treatment with Bordeaux mixture (3%), mixed with various fungicidal preparations, is repeated before the start of bud break. Excellent results can be achieved if you use the drug "Horus" - fruit trees are treated with it not only at the very beginning of bud break, but also after fruit setting in case of low spring temperatures (from three to fifteen degrees).
Due to the fact that spring weather is unstable (humidity increases, temperature changes occur), even in autumn, immediately after digging the soil, it is recommended to first mulch the soil in the trunk circles, and then cover it with snow and trample it well. The lowered temperature in the near-trunk circles can delay the start of apricot flowering until a warmer and relatively stable weather is established, and dry air, combined with high temperatures, will negatively affect the reproduction of the pathogen.
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