2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The grape leafworm inhabits almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, but it is especially harmful in the southern regions of the country. In addition to grapes, it attacks about fifty-seven varieties of various crops belonging to more than twenty families. In Holland and Switzerland, the grape roll is often harmful to strawberry plantations, and in Turkey and the Caucasus, it harms eucalyptus, mandarins, figs, persimmons and tea bushes
Meet the pest
The grape roll is a butterfly whose wingspan ranges from 18 to 22 mm. The front wings of the pests are painted in terry yellow or greenish-golden tones with brownish-gray patterns. By the way, such drawings are often absent altogether or are very blurred. And the hind wings of the enemies of grapes are distinguished by a grayish-brown color.
Oval and slightly flattened eggs of grape leaf rollers reach 1.0 - 1.2 mm in size. Initially, the egg clutches are colored yellowish-green, and immediately before the revival of the caterpillars, they become yellowish. Caterpillars grow in length from 18 to 23 mm. Their color can be either dirty green or gray-green. The anal plates of pests are usually colored the same color as their body, and the prothoracic plates, like the chairmen, are always dark brown in harmful parasites. The size of the pupae ranges from 9 to 11 mm. At first they have a pleasant green color, and after some time they turn chestnut brown.
Overwintering of revived blackish-brown caterpillars takes place in cracks in the bark and at a depth of four to five centimeters in the soil. At the same time, each caterpillar is in a dense cocoon of pearlescent color.
With the onset of spring, voracious caterpillars climb the vegetation, make their way into the grape buds and eat them from the inside. Upon reaching the third age, they begin to feed on young foliage, as well as delicate flowers and ovaries located at the tops of the shoots. As a rule, caterpillars of grape leaf rollers gnaw through holes in the leaves. And sometimes they gnaw through the ridges at the bases, which in most cases leads to the drying out of the bunches. Against the background of green foliage, it will not be difficult to notice such drying out.
Having completed development, the duration of which is from thirty to thirty-five days, caterpillars of the last, fifth instar pupate right in the places of their feeding. After about one and a half to two weeks, butterflies begin to fly out, flying from the last decade of June to almost the very end of July. As a rule, they fly only at night. Butterflies do not need additional nutrition, and their lifespan is rather short - only five to six days.
Approximately on the second or third day after mating, the females begin to lay eggs. They lay them tiled, on the upper sides of the leaves near the main veins. Each oviposition contains thirty to seventy eggs and is covered with frothy secretions. The total fertility of females is from two hundred and fifty to three hundred eggs. The embryonic development of parasites takes from nine to twelve days. The revived caterpillars do not feed, but immediately go to wintering places. During the year, only one generation of grape leaf rollers has time to develop.
How to fight
For preventive purposes, it is recommended to systematically cultivate the soil: in early spring, in autumn, and also after the caterpillars go to winter.
If the number of grape leaf rollers is from two to three caterpillars for each grape bush, they start spraying with insecticides. As a rule, they begin to be carried out when the caterpillars begin to get close to the swelling buds. And when the mass migration of caterpillars that have reached the third age begins to the tops of the shoots, the vineyards are sprayed not only with insecticides, but also with biological products.
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