2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Beet leaf aphids live literally everywhere, especially in the western regions. It damages not only beets - this pest is also attracted by pumpkin and legumes, as well as Compositae, nightshade and other crops, and, of course, weeds. The greatest population of vegetation is usually observed in July, in the first half of it. The aphids inhabiting the undersides of the leaves suck out the juice from them, which entails deformation of the leaves, as well as their twisting in the longitudinal direction with their subsequent withering and drying
Meet the pest
The length of wingless parthenogenous females equipped with an oval body is from 1.8 to 2.5 mm. They are covered with a faint waxy coating and are painted black with a greenish-brown tint. Their legs and antennae are pale yellow, the proboscis reach the coxae of the middle legs, the sap tubes are twice the length of their tails, and the legs with tails are painted in blackish-brown shades.
The size of winged females ranges from 1, 2 to 2 mm. They are endowed with shiny black breasts and heads, black antennae and black-greenish abdomens. And the front thighs of these pests are white.
Amphigon females reach a length of 2, 2 - 2, 7 mm. Their color is dull green or black and blue, with a small bluish fluff. These females have no wings, the tails are conical, and the hind tibia are black.
Winged males 2 - 2, 5 mm in size are endowed with long antennae and legs, huge eyes and black abdomens. The size of the oval elongated eggs is about 0.5-0.6 mm. Newly laid eggs are colored yellowish-green, and after some time they turn shiny and black. The overwintering of fertilized eggs takes place on the shoots at the bases of the tiny buds of the European spindle tree (sometimes also warty), as well as jasmine and viburnum.
As soon as in April the thermometer rises to seven to nine degrees, harmful larvae begin to revive from the overwintered eggs, transforming into wingless females after 12-14 days of feeding on leaves and buds. All wingless females reproduce parthenogenically, reviving five to eight larvae every day, the total number of which reaches an average of fifty to seventy. On the primary forage vegetation, before the completion of the growth of the bushes, three to four generations of beet leaf aphids have time to develop.
At the end of May, as well as at the beginning of June, winged parthenogenous females begin to appear, instantly scattering in the hope of finding tasty vegetation, and sugar beets in particular. The appearance and migration of such winged females is due to the drying out of shoots on the bushes and a corresponding deterioration in the quality of nutrition.
The beet leaf aphid is a migratory species. Its migration can be either optional (that is, partial) or complete. In the first case, part of the pests throughout the season develops exclusively on the primary host plants, before the amphigonic generations appear.
How to fight
Many parasites and predators are capable of helping to reduce the aphid population in no small measure. Larvae with imago readily feed on predatory gall midges and ticks, numerous ground beetles, spiders, coccinelids and some other insects.
Beet leaf aphids also die en masse in years that are quite humid in summer - adults washed off onto the soil by rain and harmful larvae often die.
On the site, in addition to weeding out weeds, planting of euonymus, as well as jasmine with viburnum, should be limited. You should also observe the spatial isolation of the commercial beet from the seed.
If in May, beet enemies populate more than five percent of the plants, in June - over ten, and in July - more than fifteen, the crops begin to be treated with insecticides. Such drugs as "Tsitkor", "Tsimbush", "Arrivo", "Actellik", "Kinmiks", "Fosbecid", "Fufanon", "Dursban", "Zudin" and some others have proven themselves well.
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