2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The breadbug in Russia is literally ubiquitous. This slender pest is very fond of rice and a number of other cereals. He will not refuse to taste some wild plants. During the year, three generations of these gluttonous parasites develop, and during the period of their development, the representatives of the first generation are almost impossible to distinguish from the representatives of the other two. At the same time, representatives of the second and third generations are most harmful. Harmful parasites suck out almost all the juices from the stalks and leaves with panicles. As a result, the upper parts of the leaves begin to turn yellow and dry out, and young crops noticeably lag behind in growth
Meet the pest
The body of the imago of bread bugs, reaching a length of 4, 7 to 6, 4 mm, is very slender and oblong, and the color of pests can vary from yellowish-white to green. Their matte greenish-yellowish heads are slightly pointed and equipped with small brownish eyes. Thin antennae are located directly in front of the ocelli. As a rule, the length of the antennae is slightly less than the length of the whole body. By the way, the heads, antennae and limbs of these parasites can sometimes have a slight reddish tint. Greenish larvae of grain bugs are covered with separate dark hairs and a rather light downy. And their pale green eggs are about 1 mm in size.
Eggs laid by females in autumn overwinter on cereal and winter weeds, most often behind a sheath of leaves. And in the Black Sea region, the larvae of the first generation develop not only on cereal weeds (barnyard, ryegrass, wheatgrass, fescue, etc.), but also on winter crops.
The development of grain enemies takes almost all of April in time, and closer to the end of April or with the onset of May, the appearance of adults can already be observed. They immediately migrate to rice and other cereals, where they continue their development. The main damage is usually caused by the second and third generation of bread bugs. Embryonic development in June and July lasts up to ten days, and the larvae feed from twenty to twenty-four days. In August, more precisely in the first half of it, the adults of the third generation migrate mainly to various irrigated crops, as well as to summer and autumn crops of cereal grasses and to a drop of grain.
All three developing generations of bread bugs from the end of May to the very end of October cannot be clearly distinguished, that is, all stages of pest development can be simultaneously encountered on vegetation.
If bread bugs at the flowering stage damage the ovaries and panicles of spikelets, then the grain will be damaged and puny, and its germination capacity will be significantly reduced. Roughly the same thing happens if these plant organs are damaged at the stage of milk ripeness.
How to fight
The most important preventive measure against bread bugs is adherence to the technology of cultivation of various crops and adherence to basic agrotechnical rules. Fall ladders and weeds must be promptly removed from the plots, and the plots themselves must be plowed as deeply as possible. Stubble plowing is also recommended. Rice crops should be placed away from forage crops and cereal crops. Bread should be removed at the stage of their wax ripeness, and dried rolls should be picked up as quickly as possible.
If one square meter of crops concentrates from one and a half to two hundred bread bugs, they switch to insecticide treatments. Particular attention should be paid to the edge stripes during processing. Such preparations as "Karate Zeon", "Eforia" and "Aktara" are perfect for their implementation. At the same time, "Aktara" is best used at the stages of regrowth and tillering against overwintered adults and at the stages of flowering and milk ripeness - against larvae. And "Karate Zeon" is more suitable for carrying out treatments against harmful larvae from the stage of milk ripeness onwards.
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