2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
A passive house or energy efficient house saves on heating and creates ideal conditions for year-round living. Such a structure does not imply a brick or concrete monolith. A warm house can be assembled from shields or built on a wooden frame, only under the condition of well-laid thermal insulation
Requirements for creating thermal insulation of walls and roof
When building or reconstructing a house, we use mineral, synthetic, vegetable, glass, cellulose or other material for insulation. Usually, 200 mm of thermal insulation is laid on walls 300-500 mm thick, 250 on the roof.
Experts say that this is not enough and recommend increasing the thickness of the insulation by 100-200 mm. This option will not lead to excessive consumption of money, but it will help to save money on heating in the future. Accordingly, the costs will pay off and bring tangible profits.
The roof of the passive house is different from the standards - it is a double sandwich type construction. Insulation boards fit snugly to the rafters and are laid out in layers on both sides of the timber (top / bottom). The thickness of the structure is maintained within 250 mm. To close the heat-absorbing material to the walls, an allowance of 200 mm is left. This technique helps to avoid the formation of cracks and cold bridges.
Energy efficient windows
The guarantee of minimum heat loss is provided by high-quality windows with two- or three-chamber double-glazed windows. This is a prerequisite for energy saving if the glazing area in the house is more than 12%. Correctly installed multi-chamber profile with triple glazing completely blocks heat transfer.
Lack of "bridges" of cold
It is mistakenly believed that a house with thick walls will necessarily be warm. Increasing the layer of insulation sometimes does not give the desired results. It is important not to increase the volume of the heat insulator, but to distribute it correctly. There should be no places in the walls where only wooden parts are installed. All structural parts of the structure are not excluded from the insulation shell.
The rule of energy protection is competent construction: finding frame racks inside the building. This makes it possible to obtain a flat surface for laying the insulation from the outside. Accordingly, when drawing up a project, each jumper and rack must be correctly positioned and provide a horizon for laying heat insulators.
An energy efficient home requires a single outer shell, including a foundation that is often overlooked in construction. For this purpose, it is recommended to make a 10 cm flat cushion in the foundation made of foam glass or other material.
Thorough sealing of cracks
When creating a passive building, special attention should be paid to joints and to minimize the formation of cracks, since this leads not only to a drop in heat, but also to the formation of condensation in the vapor barrier layer, and an increase in humidity in the living space. In turn, the mineral insulation, saturated with moisture, loses some of its heat-insulating properties. To prevent such processes, you need to strive to mount the vapor barrier as carefully as possible, using the seamless connection method.
Passive house orientation
Energy efficiency depends on the location of the structure in relation to the sun. A competent approach excludes overheating in summer and helps to heat the room in winter. Professionals solve this issue with the predominant orientation of the windows to the south and the "correct" roof. The roof canopy serves as protection from the scorching rays, the overhangs of which cut off the summer sun. This option "works" differently in winter, since the luminary is at a different angle and the roof no longer prevents it from hitting the walls and heating the house.
It is good to know that vertical gardening also contributes to energy efficiency. In summer, the foliage of the crown gives shade, and in winter, bare branches do not obstruct the warm rays.
Controlled ventilation
A house that retains heat well is airtight, it is almost unable to "breathe" on its own, therefore forced ventilation is required, which has the function of generating heat. Unlike a gravitational air exchange system, a mechanical one has the ability to receive heat from the removed air.
The structure is equipped in such a way that during the outflow of heated air, the incoming stream has time to warm up - such ventilation cools the room less. This helps to reduce the cost of heating energy, including hot water, electric and gas heating.
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