2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Strawberries (lat. Fragaria) - popular berry culture; a genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the Rosaceae family. The genus includes a huge number of wild-growing species, as well as species that do not occur in nature, for example, pineapple strawberries (lat. Fragaria * ananassa). Under natural conditions, strawberries grow in Eurasia and America, some species are found in the mountainous regions of Japan.
Cultural views
* Pineapple strawberries, or garden, or large-fruited (Lat. Fragaria * ananassa) - is one of the most common species, grown on many household plots and on private plantations. Often the plant is mistakenly referred to as strawberry - a berry crop belonging to another botanical species.
* Forest strawberry, or alpine (lat. Fragaria vesca) - the species is found both in nature and in culture. It has excellent taste characteristics; it cannot boast of large berry sizes. It is a medicinal plant.
* Muscat strawberries, or musk (lat. Fragaria moschata) - this species is often grown by gardeners in garden plots. Gives good yields of medium-sized berries. This species is commonly called strawberries. The species is found both in nature and in culture.
* Green strawberries (lat. Fragaria viridis) - a species that was originally called strawberries, today it is half-honey. Grows wild in central Russia.
* Virginia strawberry (Latin Fragaria virginiana) is one of the parental taxa of garden strawberry. Differs in drought resistance and low temperatures. Disadvantages: small fruit, low yield and intensive shoots, which causes unnecessary costs when caring for plants.
* Chilean strawberry (lat. Fragaria chiloensis) - is one of the parental taxa of garden strawberry. Forms rather large and aromatic berries.
Characteristics of culture
Strawberry is a herbaceous plant with a fibrous root system, the bulk of the roots of which penetrates to a depth of 20-25 cm. The leaves are compound, trifoliate, and sit on long stems. Creeping shoots, quickly rooting. The flowers are medium-sized, bisexual, collected in multi-flowered shields, located on long peduncles, forming in the form of a rosette from the root collar. Petals are white, less often yellowish.
The fruit is a false berry (polynuts) or strawberry. Seeds are small, brownish, located on the surface of a juicy overgrown receptacle. In central Russia, strawberries bloom from the third decade of May to early July. On the same plant, both berries and flowers can exist at the same time.
Growing conditions
Strawberries are not demanding for soil conditions. With good and timely care, it can grow in any area, with the exception of dry sands and highly waterlogged soils. Sandy loamy and light loamy, nutritious, breathable and moderately moist soils are optimal.
Due to the fact that the root system of strawberries is shallow, it needs constant moisture, but too low areas with stagnant melt water are not suitable for growing crops. Otherwise, the plants will be weighed out, exposed to various types of rot and other ailments. It is advisable to allocate a separate area for strawberries
Soil preparation
Proper preparation of the soil for cultivation plays an important role in obtaining healthy plants, and subsequently large yields of tasty and juicy berries. Before planting strawberries, they dig deeply into the soil, apply mineral and organic fertilizers, free them from weeds and actively fight the larvae of beetles and wireworms, if any.
Plots with sod-podzolic soils are dug to a depth of 20-22 cm, and chernozem and podzolic soils - to a depth of 28-30 cm. A favorable water and nutritious background depends on deep soil cultivation, which makes it possible to increase the resistance of plants and their yield. Rotted manure, peat or compost, as well as superphosphate, potassium salt and ammonium nitrate are introduced for digging. The amount of mineral fertilizers is selected for each type of soil separately.
Landing
As a planting material, gardeners use young rooted bushes, which are formed from the antennae of the mother plant. It is advisable to collect material from high-yielding mother bushes 2-3 years old. It is not recommended to cut the material from strange bushes, since the yields will be negligible. Young rosettes take root only on loose and moderately moist soil, so you should take care of this in advance. The antennae are evenly planted in shallow holes, the rosettes are pressed into the soil and sprinkled with earth. Leaves and the growth point of the median bud cannot be sprinkled. As the antennae grow and new rosettes appear on them, they are sprinkled with moistened soil.
Strawberries can be planted throughout the season, from early spring to autumn, but before the onset of stable frosts (about 1, 5-2 months). Strawberries take root best in summer and autumn planting, and next year you can already get good harvests. The material is harvested just before planting. The rooted sockets are dug with a spatula, the old leaves are removed and the roots are shortened, then the roots are dipped in an earthen mash and dripped for several hours.
After this time, the sockets are planted in a permanent place. Disembarkation can be done in an ordinary way. The distance between the rows should be 70-80 cm, and between the plants - 20-25 cm. The square-nesting method is also not prohibited. In this case, the planting material is placed at a distance of 50 cm from each other, three copies per nest.
Care
Strawberry care consists in soil cultivation, watering, weeding, feeding and combating diseases and pests. Whisker removal and soil mulching procedures are essential. Watering is carried out regularly, the soil should not be allowed to dry out, you can use the sprinkling method It is necessary for plants and easy hilling of exposed roots, which sometimes protrude from the soil with frost. During the season, at least 7-8 loosening and 5-6 weeding are carried out.
Mulch is applied in row spacing with a layer of about 6-8 cm immediately after the first spring loosening. You can use rotted straw, fallen leaves, reeds and plastic wrap as mulch. For top dressing, it is recommended to use humus, bird droppings, compost, wood ash and mineral fertilizers. The need for them depends entirely on the fertility of the soil. In the first two years, there is no need to apply fertilizers, unless, of course, they were applied before planting.
Recommended:
Wild Strawberry
Wild strawberry is one of the plants of the family called Rosaceae, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Fragaria vesca L. As for the name of the family of wild strawberries, in Latin it will be like this: Rosaceae Juss. Description of wild strawberry Wild strawberry is a perennial herb, the height of which is about fifteen to twenty centimeters.
Strawberry Spinach
Strawberry spinach is called a plant from the family Hibiscus. Often this culture is also called the capitate, which has been widespread in Russia since ancient times. Strawberry spinach can be used for food already at the very beginning of spring, when the body especially needs a regular intake of vitamins.
Dangerous Pest Of Strawberries - Strawberry Mite
Strawberries are a delicious, healthy berry in our garden, loved by everyone from children to adults. Everyone knows what large-fruited garden strawberry looks like, he has tasted it many times. But for the most part, people do not suspect that this berry has many pests. The most dangerous is the strawberry mite, which destroys the harvest up to 80%
Ways To Deal With Strawberry Mites
The strawberry (transparent) mite very badly damages young strawberry and strawberry leaves, which subsequently turn yellow and, wrinkling, begin to gradually die off. As a result, the plants take on a dwarf appearance, and the strawberries so beloved by many cease to delight with a magnificent harvest of ripe and juicy berries. If bushes with wrinkled small leaves of a yellowish-oily shade appear on the site - it's time to start fighting the strawberry mite
Greening Strawberry And Strawberry Petals
Greening of petals affects not only strawberries with strawberries, but also asters with clovers, plantains, petunias, phloxes and dandelions. Often, the causative agent of the disease even persists on them. The lifespan of infected bushes is very short - a maximum of two years. Such bushes freeze easily in winter, and are also extremely sensitive to almost any unfavorable climatic conditions. And the harvest from most of the petals of berry bushes affected by greening does not come at all
