2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Large-leaved Kirkazon (lat. Aristolochia macrophylla) - woody liana; a representative of the Kirkazon genus of the Kirkazonov family. Other names are tubular kirkazon, tubular kirkazon, large-leaved aristolochia, tubular aristolochia. In nature, it grows along the banks of forest rivers and forests of North America. Currently, it is actively cultivated in Russia and European countries, where the culture came at the end of the 18th century. It is an ornamental plant. A distinctive feature is toxicity.
Characteristics of culture
Large-leaved Kirkazon is a perennial woody liana, reaching a length of 10-12 m, with shoots covered with gray longitudinally furrowed bark. The leaves are large, glabrous, light green, cordate, petiolar. The petioles are rather long, up to 7 cm. The flowers are single, medium-sized, equipped with a perianth with a greenish-brown tube up to 3 cm long, as well as a three-lobed purple-brown pharynx limb. The plant got its second name, namely tubular kirkazon, due to a pipe that looks very similar to a smoking pipe (old production).
The flowers of the species under consideration are similar to the flowers of the graceful Kirkazon, they also have a kind of trap, presented in the form of thick hairs directed obliquely inward. This trap prevents flies and beetles from getting out without pollinating the flower. Only after pollination does the hair fall off and allow the insect to get out. The fruits of large-leaved kirkazon are presented in the form of hexagonal capsules up to 8 cm long, sitting on long stalks.
It should be noted that after pollination, the flower lowers its head down, thereby covering the entrance to other insects. Large-leaved Kirkazon blooms for 5-8 years of life. Flowering lasts about 25 days, sometimes less. Seeds ripen 3-4 months after flowering. Sowing seeds should be carried out immediately after harvesting, since germination rate greatly decreases over time. This is due to the fact that the seeds contain oils that cause the formation of fatty acids. Large-leaved Kirkazon is a fast-growing plant, however, it requires special conditions for active development. Namely: fertile, loose, humus-rich and moist soils, sheltered from the wind, well-lit by the sun. The culture will not tolerate prolonged drought, strong winds, and excessive moisture.
Large-leaved Kirkazon propagates by seeds and layering, sometimes by summer cuttings. The latter method is used infrequently, since only 30-40% of the cuttings are rooted. The seed method involves a preliminary stratification lasting 2-3 months. Seeds germinate only 60-70 days after sowing. Kirkazon large-leaved, or tubular, has high decorative properties, suitable for decorating pergolas, arches, walls of buildings, tree trunks and arbors.
Care features
As already mentioned, large-leaved Kirkazon is picky about growing conditions and careful care. The plant is hygrophilous, needs regular and abundant watering, as well as frequent spraying (especially in the heat). For cultivation in areas with an arid climate, large-leaved Kirkazon is unsuitable, it is not able to withstand such conditions. Twice a season, it is important to feed with a weak mullein solution or organic concentrated fertilizer. The introduction of complex mineral fertilizers is desirable, but not necessary.
Weeding and loosening are also needed. Loosening is carried out very carefully, trying not to damage the superficial root system. To simplify maintenance, mulching can be carried out. It is worth remembering that a lack of moisture in the soil can affect not only the development of plants, but also lead to damage by a spider mite. As a result of the action of the pest, the leaves will begin to turn very yellow, and then become covered with spots. It is possible to exclude damage only with systematic watering. Formative pruning is not required for vines; only broken and damaged shoots are removed in the spring. Large-leaved Kirkazon is relatively frost-resistant, but in the conditions of the middle zone it needs shelter.
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