2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Pea rust is a common disease. In addition to peas, it affects lentils, rank, clover, alfalfa and other legumes. The development of this harmful ailment is largely facilitated by abundant dew with frequent precipitation, as well as temperatures in the range from twenty to twenty-five degrees. Only hot and dry weather can hold back the development of the pathogen. If the peas are severely affected by rust, then the beans are noticeably underdeveloped, and the dried leaves fall off rather quickly. The shortage of crops as a result of infection with this unpleasant scourge is on average twenty-five to thirty percent
A few words about the disease
On rusty pea stalks with leaves, as well as on beans, powdery convex pustule pads of orange-brown shades are formed. Otherwise, such pustules are called uredinia. Each uredinia contains a huge amount of urediniospores. During the growing season, several generations of such urediniospores can easily form, spreading with the help of air currents and provoking re-infection. And closer to the end of summer, telia of dark brown color are formed, filled with pathogenic telithospores, sitting on colorless legs. All pads gradually turn dark brown, almost black.
The causative agent of pea rust is the pathogenic dioecious fungus Uromyces pisi, the intermediate host of which is the spurge. The mycelium often overwinters in its roots, and therefore every year young shoots of milkweed are initially infected. Also, euphorbia, along with plant remains, is considered the main source of infection. As a rule, no transmission of the rust pathogen occurs with the seeds.
Overwintered teliospores begin to germinate in spring, forming basidiospores infecting euphorbia. Further, the formation of ecidiospores occurs, which in turn infect peas, migrating to it from milkweed. Ecidiospores can be either oblong or rounded. They are usually covered with small warts and reach a diameter of 18 to 22 microns.
The harmfulness of this misfortune lies in the disruption of biochemical and physiological processes in plants, as well as in a noticeable decrease in photosynthesis. Peas are especially damaged in the southern regions.
How to fight
The best protective measures against pea rust are early sowing dates, sowing early ripening varieties, which reduce the susceptibility due to early ripening, the destruction of intermediate hosts of the pathogen fungus and autumn plowing. Crops in a crop rotation should be rotated periodically. In the same place where the beans grew, it is not worth sowing peas. Weed vegetation from the plots must also be promptly eliminated. Do not overdo it when growing peas and with nitrogen-containing fertilizers - an excess of nitrogen in the soil provokes an increase in the disease.
Unfortunately, rust resistant pea varieties do not currently exist. However, there are varieties that are affected to a lesser extent by this scourge - these are Ramonsky 77, Uladovsky Jubilee, Maslichny, Capital, Shtambovy 2, Urozhainy, Moskovsky B-559 and Uladovsky 10.
Processing of growing peas and fungicides is allowed, only chemical preparations should be used in strict accordance with the instructions. The preparations "Rex" and "Amistar extra" have proven themselves especially good in the difficult task of fighting rust. You can process peas and "Tsinebom", as well as a 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur or 1% Bordeaux liquid. By the way, Bordeaux liquid perfectly helps in saving young plants, only for this it is important to have time to use it before flowering.
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