Fomoz Of Dill

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Video: Fomoz Of Dill

Video: Fomoz Of Dill
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Fomoz Of Dill
Fomoz Of Dill
Anonim
Fomoz of dill
Fomoz of dill

Phomosis affects seeds, umbrellas, roots, leaves and stalks of dill. It develops mainly in the second half of summer on adult seed and fruiting crops. And in early spring, phomosis can sometimes affect tiny seedlings, being at the same time one of the components of the black leg, which leads to rotting of the bases of the growing stems. Dill is most severely affected by phomosis during wet seasons, characterized by moderate temperatures, as well as on light sandy loam soils

A few words about the disease

Elongated dark spots, strewn with a huge number of fungus pycnidia (black dots), begin to appear on the tissues of dill damaged by phomaosis. And on the roots with stalks, this harmful ailment manifests itself in the form of dark stripes arranged in rows. Infection of the roots usually always provokes infection of the stems.

Pycnids on dill tissues are formed semi-submerged and spherical. And in them, in turn, a huge number of small and colorless pycnospores, which have an ovoid-cylindrical shape, are formed. Pycnospores are easily spread by insects, raindrops and wind, causing regular re-infection.

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The causative agent of dill fomosis is the pathogenic fungus Phoma anethi (Pers. Et Fr.) Sacc. During the summer period, it forms a huge number of generations, contributing to the massive re-infection of growing crops at almost any stage of their development. Phomosis attacks the testes of dill with particular force, as a result of which the seeds lose their germination, and they turn into a source of infection.

Post-harvest plant debris and seeds can be identified as the main sources of primary infection. And the duration of the incubation period of phomosis is about a couple of weeks. From infected seeds, the pathogen makes its way into the hypocotal genes, affecting seedlings in early spring in the form of a black leg. Often, the onset of phomosis is preceded by cercosporosis of dill, which, in fact, is the conidial stage of the disease. By the way, the relationship between these two stages was proved experimentally.

How to fight

To reduce the harmfulness of phomosis, the rules of crop rotation should be strictly observed, returning the fragrant dill to its former sites at least four years later. Seeds for sowing are collected exclusively from healthy crops, and infected plant specimens are carefully discarded.

Good results in the fight against phomosis can be achieved by pre-sowing seed treatment - two to three weeks before sowing, it is recommended to warm them up for half an hour in water, the temperature of which is 48 - 49 degrees. After such heating, the seeds are cooled in cold water and thoroughly dried to a free-flowing state. An excellent effect is also obtained by bubbling seeds, which means keeping them in water constantly saturated with air or oxygen. Such treatment is carried out at a temperature of about twenty degrees, and the duration of the procedure is from twelve to twenty hours. At the end of bubbling, the seeds should also be dried until flowable.

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When growing dill, it is necessary to avoid excessively dense crops - the planted plants should be spaced from each other by an average of five to ten centimeters. And for bush varieties of dill, the distance is increased to fifteen to twenty centimeters.

During the growing season, it is periodically necessary to loosen the soil and eliminate weeds and plant residues from the site. And during the autumn digging of the soil, it is also recommended to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in increased doses.

As soon as the first symptoms of phomosis are found on dill, dill plantings begin to be treated with one percent Bordeaux liquid. Such treatments are carried out at an interval of ten to twelve days.

Fifteen days before the start of harvesting, all processing of dill crops must be stopped, and the collected fresh herbs are thoroughly washed with water.

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