2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Seed reproduction of pawns makes it possible to grow tropical fruits in the Middle Lane. Vegetative methods increase the amount of planting material, accelerate the onset of the fruiting phase
Breeding types
There are several ways to obtain planting material for a banana tree:
• root shoots;
• layering;
• seeds.
Each of them has its own characteristics.
Seed method
Getting hold of pawpaw saplings is currently not a problem. The price range ranges from 750 to 4000 rubles per tree. Most of the nurseries are located in the southern regions. In the conditions of the Middle Belt, such plants will be difficult to acclimatize. It is cheaper and more reliable to grow your own planting material from a seed. Seedlings adapt well to new habitat conditions, winter hardiness increases.
Seed treatment before sowing is carried out in two ways:
• stratification;
• soaking in water for 4 days.
In the first case, the planting material is kept for 2 months at low temperatures from 0 to +5 degrees, shows more friendly shoots. Soaking with a daily change of water, adding "Epin" accelerates seed germination.
A nutritious substrate is prepared from peat, humus, sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Fill 0.5 l cups. At the bottom, holes are arranged for excess water flow. The processed material is planted one by one to a depth of 2-3 cm.
The spread in germination is large, from 1 to 3 months. Some specimens emerge in a year. The normal indicator is 90% of the total mass of freshly harvested seeds.
The first year, seedlings are kept at home. They take care of them like houseplants. In the future, they are transplanted to a permanent place in the garden. Such plants begin to bear fruit from 4-8 years of age.
Graft
To accelerate fruiting, the grafting method is used. The successful result depends on the speed of the operation, accuracy. Cuts on wood, roots tend to quickly oxidize in the open air due to the presence of a large amount of tannins, which reduces the survival rate of the material.
A stainless steel knife with a sharp blade is suitable for grafting. The choice of method does not matter. Any of the generally accepted methods is used for thin stems. A stalk of an adult fruiting tree is used as a scion. The wrapping is removed from the stock at the end of the season. The first fruits are formed in 2-3 years.
After inoculation, the plants differ in dwarf sizes, no more than 2.5-3 meters in height, which is quite acceptable for the Middle Lane. It is more convenient to cover undersized trees for the winter, less formative pruning is required. With a slight annual increase, a crop of excellent quality is harvested in sufficient quantities.
Growing seedlings in a small container volume within 5 liters for the first 3 years of life, later forms a dwarf plant when planted in open ground. This technique is suitable for more northern regions.
Vegetative methods
The varieties you like are propagated by root shoots. In early spring, before bud break, planting material with a large clod of earth is dug up. The roots of the pawpaw are fragile, so they try to disturb the underground part less.
In some cases, the method of propagation by layering is used. The lower branches in early May bend to the ground, damaging the bark from the lower side. Pre-treated with root root to stimulate root formation. Dig a small hole, moisten the soil. Pin the escape with a wire. Pour a mound of soil consisting of peat and sand. Cover with non-woven fabric.
During the season, monitor the moisture content of the substrate. In autumn, a shoot with a powerful root system is cut off from the mother plant. Transplanted to a permanent place. The first 2 years are covered with spruce branches and nonwoven fabric for the winter.
We will consider the features of caring for a banana tree in the next article.
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