2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
White spot, or septoriasis of pear leaves, leads to a significant decrease in winter hardiness and weakening of trees, as well as to early leaf fall. Shoot growth on affected trees is also noticeably reduced. Septoria is especially widespread in the southern and central regions of the European part of Russia. Most often, it attacks young leaves, which are more sensitive. And the humid warm weather established in the spring and summer period greatly contributes to the spread of this harmful disease
A few words about the disease
On pear leaves affected by white spotting, a large number of grayish and whitish specks with dark brown edges are formed. On average, the diameter of such spots reaches 2 - 6 mm. They usually appear after flowering is over. Moreover, for different varieties of pears, the color and the number of such specks will be different. In the centers of the spots, upon close examination, you can see pycnidia containing spores (in other words, black dots). Spores are usually slightly curved, filamentous, colorless, containing several transverse septa.
The first symptoms of this disease can often be seen as early as late May or early June. And by August, it reaches the peak of its development. It is noteworthy that the fruits are extremely rarely affected by white spot. If they were nevertheless attacked by an ailment, then on them you can also see characteristic specks with pycnidia and dark edges.
The causative agent of this fungal disease is a marsupial mushroom called Mycosphaerella sentina overwintering on fallen leaves. Conidia, which retain their viability, cause primary infection of fruit trees with the onset of spring. The spread of the pathogen occurs through spores. They are carried, as a rule, with raindrops or wind.
Among the pear varieties most prone to white spotting, one can mention such varieties as Sapezhanka, Tonkosvetka and Bessemyanka.
How to fight
The main measures to combat such an unpleasant ailment as white spot should be prevention, as well as curbing the spread of this scourge in the summer. In gardens, it is necessary to remove leaf litter in a timely manner, as well as to dig up the soil in the near-trunk circles - this will destroy a solid part of the wintering pathogen fungus. Deep seeding of fallen leaves in the fall will also do a good job.
It is better to grow such varieties of pears that are characterized by resistance to septoria. These include Ilyinka, Bere Amanli, Bere Boek, Bere Ligel and Forest Beauty.
When white spot appears, the gardens are treated with fungicides in accordance with the instructions. The first spraying, called eradication, is carried out before the buds begin to bloom. For re-processing, the green cone phase (this is the name of the budding stage) is suitable. And when the gardens have faded, a third spraying can be done. In particularly difficult cases, treatments are repeated throughout the summer. Often, for spraying, copper-containing preparations of combined or contact action ("Oxyhom", "Kuproksat", copper sulfate and some others) are used. And such drugs as "Rovral", "Profit" and "Ditan M-45" cope with white spot less effectively.
Drugs such as Fundazol, Skor, Ridomil Gold, Profit Gold, Previkur, Ordan and Acrobat MC have proven themselves well in the fight against the ill-fated septoria disease. All of them have simultaneously therapeutic, protective, and antispore-forming effects. And for preventive purposes, you can use "Glyocladin" or "Trichodermin".
It is possible to carry out spraying with one percent Bordeaux liquid or other preparations replacing it. Also, measures used against scab are suitable to combat septoria.
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