2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
The polyphagous pipe-runner is also called the pear-shaped pipe-runner. However, it damages not only the pear - the list of his victims also includes grapes, raspberries, cherries, quince, rowan, apple, plum and a number of other hardwoods. This pest develops well also due to linden, alder, aspen and poplar. You can meet polyphagous tube wrenches almost everywhere. If you do not fight them, you will have to say goodbye to a fairly decent part of the long-awaited harvest
Meet the pest
The polyphagous tube worm is a beetle from six to nine millimeters long with a proboscis bent downwards and elytra covered with short hairs. It is painted in a rather interesting golden-greenish color with a dark blue tint. In males, small forward-directed spines are located on the sides of the pronotum.
Oval eggs of parasites are up to 1 mm in size. At the time of deposition, they are painted white, and a little later they acquire a yellowish tint. Legless larvae 6 - 8 mm long are white, with a brownish main scutellum. And in white pupae, reaching a length of 5 - 7 mm, the dorsal part is covered with a large number of hairs.
Immature individuals hibernate at a depth of five to ten centimeters in the soil, and a relatively small part of them spend the winter under plant debris. Pests emerge in about the second decade of April and immediately begin additional nutrition by the kidneys, after which they gradually move to young leaves, in which, without affecting their lower skin, they gnaw out narrow stripes from the upper sides.
As the leaflets grow, their grooves break, and the leaflets begin to acquire shapeless outlines. And at the end of the mating period, the females also gnaw the petioles of the leaves, as a result of which the wilting greens begin to hang down. As soon as this happens, harmful beetles fold the leaves into tubes, twisting them in a spiral. And between the layers of the formed leaf tubules, the females lay one or two eggs. Thus, each tube contains an average of eight to nine eggs. One female folds on average up to twenty-five - thirty of these "cigars", and their average fertility is about 200 - 250 eggs.
The larvae revive in a week and a half and for 25-35 days they eat parts of the tubules. And when the dried tubules fall to the ground, the parasites will move on to feeding on the pulp. The harmful larvae that have completed development are sent to the soil, where they later pupate rather quickly. Formed ten to fifteen days later, the beetles remain in the soil until the next spring. Some individuals can get out of the soil and devour leaves from late August to early October. As soon as the cold weather sets in, they hide for the winter under plant debris and fallen leaves. For a year, a polyphagous pipe runner gives only one generation, but it is also quite enough to destroy a substantial part of the crop.
How to fight
Larvae and bugs are perfectly destroyed by ants, birds and ground beetles, so you can safely resort to the help of these natural enemies. Also, riders from the ichneumonid family and representatives of the braconid family are able to provide all possible assistance in reducing the population of gluttonous parasites.
A good preventive measure against polyphagous tube-runners is cultivation and digging of the soil in the aisles, as well as near bushes during the period of mass pupation of harmful larvae. Coiled leaf tubes (called "cigars") should be collected regularly and burned before larvae hatch. If there are more than two or three beetles per bush or tree, then by the beginning of the periods of tube formation and egg-laying by pests, they start spraying with insecticides.
A good effect is obtained by the method of glue rings - such rings are an obstacle to the penetration of adult pests into tree crowns. You can also shake off harmful beetles from the crowns onto rather dense panels, and subsequently destroy them.
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