2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Tomato stem rot affects not only tomatoes - eggplants, potatoes, peppers and a huge number of various weeds can also suffer from it. Older plants are the most susceptible to this disease. And the deficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil can greatly enhance its development. If you do not fight this ailment, then you can say goodbye to a fairly large number of plants
A few words about the disease
When affected by stem rot, the tops and leaves of tomatoes begin to fade gradually, and black and brownish specks can be seen in the lower parts of the stems. As a rule, stems are most often infected directly at the level of the soil surface or slightly higher. However, sometimes all the leaf organs of the crops grown can be affected. At the base of the plants, dark brown depressed areas begin to appear, gradually increasing in size and eventually encircling the stems completely. Plant death can be a consequence of progressive wilting.
As this unpleasant ailment develops, necrotic specks framed with a yellow border may appear on the leaves. At the very beginning of the lesions of the leaves appear in the form of small specks, gradually growing into the affected brownish areas with clearly visible concentric circles. After some time, the leaves may look like they are riddled with shot or begin to die off.
The disease leaves its marks on the fruits - you can see depressions of dark shades on them. Basically, fetal lesions are noted on the side of the calyces. Initially, they appear as damaged areas saturated with moisture, and subsequently begin to turn into black, slightly depressed areas with numerous concentric circles.
On the damaged dark areas of tomatoes and other crops, a fairly solid number of pycnidia are formed - black dots, which are the so-called fruiting bodies of a pathogenic fungus that provokes the disease. The stem rot causative fungus usually hibernates on plant debris, seeds and soil, and its spores are spread from pycnidia to stems, leaves and fruits of plants with droplets of sprayed water, which in turn provokes additional infection and spread of the disease. In addition to soil, seeds and plant debris, the harmful fungus-pathogen can find its home on various nightshade crops, as well as on other related host plant species. And its spread is also possible through infected seeds, infected stakes and twine used to tie plants.
The most optimal for the development of stem rot is a combination of rainy weather with a temperature of about 20 degrees.
How to fight
Garden weeds should be constantly dealt with, and plant residues should be removed from the beds. When growing potatoes, peppers and tomatoes, it is very important to observe the rules of crop rotation. The pathogen fungus feels pretty good in heavy humus soils, and can also live as a saprophyte in manure applied in excessive quantities. Therefore, tomatoes should be included in the crop rotation in such a way that they fall on the previous bed only a few years later, and it is better to apply manure even a year before planting.
To prevent the occurrence of stem rot, it is recommended to steam the soil intended for seedlings, dry dressing the seeds and disinfect the twines and stakes used for tying crops. And three weeks after planting the base of the stems, it is advisable to treat it with the preparation "Bercemacineb 80" or "Spritzkupral". Spraying is repeated after the rain has passed.
A good way to deal with stem rot is to spray the affected crops with copper preparations. It is also recommended to periodically make mineral dressings: for this, 50 - 70 g of complex fertilizer, 25 - 30 g of potassium sulfate, 30 - 40 g of superphosphate or 15 - 20 g of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in ten liters of water. A half liter of such a solution is required under one plant.
The systematic hilling of plants will also be advisable. And it is better to remove heavily affected crops from the site and burn.
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