2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Onion neck rot can be encountered quite often. Often, the defeat of this ailment begins even during the growth of the onion in the beds, and it can manifest itself already during the storage of the bulbs. In this case, the onion developing in extremely unfavorable conditions is most affected. It is very important to timely identify the presence of this disease and direct all efforts to combat it
A few words about the disease
When infected with cervical rot on the vulnerable surfaces of onion scales, the formation of a grayish dense mold from mold begins. As the disease develops, rounded black specks form on this mold.
Onion neck rot can begin immediately after harvesting this crop. All symptoms of such a misfortune usually appear within two months. In the affected areas, all the bulbs soften greatly, and their tissues become rather watery and acquire a yellowish-pinkish color. It is characteristic of infected bulbs and has a very unpleasant odor. On the cuts, the damaged tissue looks like boiled. If all scales are affected, then mummification of the bulbs is often observed.
The spread of the ill-fated cervical rot occurs through the spores of the pathogen fungus. And such an unpleasant disease is transmitted mainly with planting material - with seeds and sevka. The pathogen penetrates into plant tissue through various mechanical damage and loosely closed necks.
The primary infection of onions most often occurs before harvesting begins, when onion leaves are lodged - in this case, they turn into an incredibly favorable substrate for the development of the pathogen fungus.
How to fight
Neck rot, in contrast to late onion varieties, is much less susceptible to early ripening varieties. Therefore, first of all, it is recommended to pay attention to them. And, of course, all planting material must be healthy.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify onion varieties completely resistant to neck rot. However, it has been noticed that varieties such as Varshavsky, Bessonovsky local, Mastersky local, Tsitaussky, Pogarsky and Danilevsky 301 are less affected by this ailment. Also, neck rot is much less often affected by such varieties of onions, the scales of which have a dark color.
It is very important to comply with the rules of crop rotation, as well as agrotechnical standards, along with the rules for growing this crop. It is recommended to warm up the sets before planting. The most optimal in this case will be early planting. It is also better not to allow excessive thickening when growing onions. Fertilizers should be applied in a timely manner, and the onions should be watered very sparingly. Well, in order for the bulbs to ripen better, it is recommended to stop watering the onions altogether about a month before the start of the harvest.
When pickling onions, the use of such fungicides as TMTD, Tigam and Benlat (or Fundazol) is allowed.
Also, at the beginning of the development of onions in the beds, nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be applied, and in the second half of the growing season, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are already applied.
Periodically (about once every ten days), onion beds should be inspected for cervical rot - all infected vegetation must be removed.
In order to avoid the development of cervical rot, onions are fed at the stage of filling the bulbs with the preparation "Effecton". For ten liters of water, you need two tablespoons of this organic preparation. And about three liters of the resulting solution are consumed per square meter of each bed.
When harvesting, when pruning onions, small necks should be left (3 - 6 cm each). It should be harvested only in dry weather and only when the bulbs are fully ripe. And before sending the onion for storage, it is advisable to keep the bulbs at a temperature of 45 degrees for ten hours. Sometimes onions are dried at a temperature of 35 degrees, only for such drying it will take from five to seven days. Places of storage of the harvested crop are disinfected without fail. And it is best to store onions at a temperature of 3 - 5 degrees and at a humidity of about 70%.
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