2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Beautiful low-growing bushes of Japanese quince during flowering create a festive atmosphere on the site. From the side, it seems that the fireworks have frozen on the branches. The shoots stick around so tightly the miniature "lanterns". Buying a large amount of planting material is expensive for the family budget. Knowing the techniques of "cloning" your favorite plant, you can increase the size of the plantings in a short time
Breeding types
Chaenomeles reproduces in several ways:
• seeds;
• root shoots;
• cuttings;
• vaccination;
• layering.
The seed option requires a lot of patience, time-consuming growing of planting material. Vegetative methods accelerate the development process from a small specimen to an adult flowering bush.
Seed method - autumn planting
The seed is taken from fully ripe fruit, ready for processing. Large, brown bead-like seeds quickly lose their germination. The maximum shelf life is 6-10 months. Two sowing methods are used: podzimny, spring.
Ridges are prepared in the fall. They dig soil onto the bayonet of a shovel, removing malicious weeds, fertilize the site with humus. Rake the surface. Cut grooves every 20-25 cm. Spill with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Distribute the freshly harvested material evenly through 5-6 cm in a row to a depth of 0.8-1 cm. Sprinkle with peat, compact by hand. Cover from above with leaf litter with a layer of 10-15 cm.
In the spring, the leaves are raked off, freeing up the area for plants for friendly shoots. For the rapid development of seedlings, a film shelter is installed.
Home sowing
When sowing at home, the seeds need preliminary stratification. The grains are mixed with wet river sand. They are removed for 2-3 months in a cellar or refrigerator. The optimum temperature is 3-5 degrees.
Slightly nailed seeds are planted one at a time in cups with a hole to drain excess water. The mixture is prepared from three components: peat, humus, sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. To increase the moisture capacity, add perlite, 10-20% of the total mass of the soil.
Sowing depth 0.8-1 cm. When planting, be careful not to break the delicate, white roots. Press the soil gently to the seedlings, watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Cover with foil until shoots appear. The soil is kept moist, preventing it from drying out. Leave in a warm, well-lit place.
Young seedlings appear in 1-2 weeks. Gradually remove the shelter, accustoming the plants to the dry air of the room. Watering 1-2 times a week with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, as a prophylaxis of "black leg". They are fed twice a month with a complex fertilizer for flowers, and the drug is diluted according to the instructions. Early plantings in March-April are supplemented with lamps in the evening and morning hours.
At the beginning of May, they are transferred to a greenhouse, gradually increasing the illumination. With the onset of stable warm weather, they are planted in a permanent place.
Spring planting
After preliminary stratification in the refrigerator, regrowth of a small root embryo, the seeds are carefully planted in early spring on ridges prepared since autumn. Cover with foil on top. After 2-3 weeks, tender seedlings appear.
The whole season they take care of young growth, weeding out "competitors" in a timely manner, watering during dry periods. After the onset of steadily warm weather, the shelter is gradually removed, accustoming the bushes to open ground conditions.
Amicable seedlings are thinned out twice over the summer, leaving a distance of 15 cm between neighbors in a row. A year later, young specimens are ready for transplantation to a permanent place.
Advantages
The seed method has a number of positive qualities:
• allows you to get plants adapted to the conditions of the area;
• seedlings take root more easily in a new plot;
• suffer less from temperature changes during the growing season;
• a large amount of planting material is obtained in a short time;
• low prices for seeds as opposed to ready-made seedlings;
• revitalized seedlings, without accumulated diseases from the mother bush.
There are few disadvantages of seed growing. There is a chance of getting plants with different fruit sizes (large, smaller) that differ from the original specimen. It takes 2-4 years from germination to flowering.
We will consider vegetative breeding methods for Japanese quince in the next article.
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