2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Calendula (lat. Calendula) - is a medicinal and ornamental plant; annuals belonging to the Asteraceae family, or Asteraceae. Another name is marigold. Under natural conditions, the plant is common in the Mediterranean, Asia and Western Europe. Both medicinal varieties and those intended for ornamental gardening are presented on the garden market.
Description
Calendula is represented by plants with a strongly branched stem, the height of which varies from 40 to 80 cm. The stem bears a whole, elongated, pubescent, oval, green foliage. Inflorescences-baskets of medium size, numerous flowers, tubular and ligulate, orange or yellow, located on elongated peduncles. Flowers contain flavonoids and carotenoids. The inflorescence is a basket, in diameter it can reach 3-5 cm. Achenes are arranged in 2-3 rows, curved, less often annular. The seeds are stored for 4-5 years. Today, more than twenty thousand types of culture are distinguished.
Varietal groups
* undersized (dwarf) calendula;
* medium-sized calendula;
* tall calendula
* calendula with simple flowers;
* calendula with double or semi-double flowers.
Russian varieties
* Ginger - the variety is represented by plants. reaching a height of 100 cm. Inflorescences are yellowish-orange, with a slight tier. Flowering lasts more than three months. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests; plants are rarely affected by downy mildew.
* Kalta - the variety is represented by plants with large double flowers and a rich corolla color. The variety is resistant to diseases and harmful insects. Long-lasting flowering.
* Sakharovskaya orange calendula - the variety is represented by plants, a distinctive feature of which is the content of biologically active substances in flowers. It is cultivated exclusively as a raw material for the manufacture of medicines.
* Kropotovskaya orange calendula - litter is represented by plants that reach a height of 80 cm. The inflorescences are flat-round, densely double, deep orange in color, up to 10 cm in diameter. Flowering is long and rich.
Cultivation conditions
Calendula is a light-loving plant, it prefers well-lit areas that are not shaded by buildings and trees. The culture is not demanding for soil fertility. Drought tolerant. Grows successfully in all regions of Russia. Experienced growers advise sowing plants between vegetable crops, since the plant has a specific smell that can repel various pests.
Planting and leaving
The plot for growing calendula is prepared in the fall: the soil is carefully dug up, organic, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied. Sowing seeds is carried out once in open ground in May 1-20. The seeding depth is 2-3 cm. The optimum germination temperature is 10-12C. Seedlings appear 10-14 days after sowing. Thickened plantings are thinned out, otherwise the defeat of the culture by powdery mildew cannot be avoided.
The calendula does not need special care, it is necessary to regularly weed, loosen, remove wilted inflorescences and water, as well as preventive treatments for diseases and pests.
Application
Calendula is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. In addition, the culture is able to prevent bacteria, root rot and mites from growing in the soil. The plant repels many pests, including aphids, raspberry flies and leaf-eating insects.
Calendula is used when decorating flower beds, flower beds, ornamental gardens, Moorish lawns, as well as when drawing up fresh and dry bouquets. Calendula looks great when paired with blue, light blue, purple and white flower crops.
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Field Calendula
Field calendula is one of the plants of the family called Asteraceae or Compositae, in Latin the name of this plant will sound like this: Calendula arvensis L. As for the name of the field calendula family itself, in Latin it will be like this:
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